Question | Answer |
oophorotomy | incision into an ovary |
orchiectomy | removal of one or both testes |
orchioplasty | surgical repair of a testis |
orchiotomy | incision into a testis |
ovariectomy | excision of one or both ovaries |
ovariotomy | incision of an ovary |
uteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus |
uteroplasty | surgical repair of the uterus |
uterotomy | incision of the uterus |
amenorrhea | absence or abnormal cessation |
Cesarean section | surgical operation through the abdominal wall and uterus for delivery of the baby |
colposcopy | examination of the vagina and cervix using an endoscopic instrument |
dysmenorrhea | difficult or painful menses |
ectopic pregnancy | development of an impregnated ovum outside the uterus |
endometriosis | tissue outside the uterus that resembles the inner lining of the uterus |
hypermenorrhea | prolonged or excessive menorrhea; also sometimes called menorrhagia |
lactation | the production of milk |
menopause | permanent cessation of menses |
menorrhagia | see hypermenorrhea |
salpingitis | inflammation of the uterine tube |
orchitis | inflammation of a testis |
ovarialgia | pain in an ovary |
ovaritis | inflammation of an ovary |
obstetrician | a physician who specializes in the medical care of women during pregnancy and childbirth |
obstetrics | medical specialty concerned with the medical care of women during pregnancy and childbirth |
amniocentesis | extraction and diagnostic examination of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac |
mammography | examination of the breast by means of an imaging technique, such as radiography |
pap test | microscopic examination of cells from a mucosal surface, especially the uterine cervix |
cervicectomy | excision of the uterine cervix |
cervicoplasty | surgical repair of the uterine cervix OR the neck |
cervicotomy | incision of the uterine cervix |
hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus |
hysteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus |
hysteroplasty | surgical repair of the uterus |
hysterotomy | incision of the uterus |
oophorectomy | excision of an ovary; overiectomy |
oophoroplasty | surgical repair of an ovary |
sperm | the male gamete |
spermatogenesis | production of sperm |
testes | the organs that produce and store the male gametes |
testosterone | androgen prominent in male gamete production |
urethra | male ductwork that acts as a part of both the male urinary and male reproductive systems |
uterine cervix | the "neck" located at the lower end of the uterus |
uterine cycle | part of the reproduction system process in women, comprising three phases |
uterine tubes | tubes between the ovaries and the uterus |
uterus | reproductive organ in which the fertilized oocyte is implanted and in which the child develops |
vas deferends | duct leading out of the epididymis |
cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix |
hysteralgia | pain in the uterus |
hysteropathy | any disease of the uterus |
oophoritis | inflammation of an ovary |
orchialgia | pain in the testes |
orchiopathy | any disease of the testes |
mitosis | process of cell division by which one cell becomes two, both of which contain the maternal and paternal chromosomes |
oocytes | the product of oogenesis that become the female gametes |
oogenesis | production of oocytes |
ovulation | release of the female gamete that occurs during the proliferative stage of the uterine cycle |
ovum | the female gamete |
para | a woman who has given birth |
progesterone | hormone produced in the ovaries |
progestins | female hormones generated in the ovaries and required for oogenesis |
proliferative | adjectival form of proliferation; term signifying one part of the uterine life |
prostate gland | male gland that produces and stores prostatic fluid |
prostatic fluid | product of the prostate gland |
reproductive tract | in the male reproductive system, the ductwork leading from the epididymus to the outside of the body |
secretory | adjectival form of secrete; part of the uterine cycle |
semen | combination of the male gametes, their associated glandular secretions, and prostatic fluid |
diploid cell | cell containing both the maternal and paternal chromosomes |
ductus deferens | duct leading out of the epididymis |
embryo | name change from zygote after the first cell division and until the eight week of pregnancy |
epididymis | organ in which the male sperm become functional |
fallopian | tubes between the ovaries and the uterus |
fertilization | the joining of the male and female gametes |
fetus | name change from embryo after the eight week of pregnancy to birth |
gamete | term given to both the female ovum and the male spermatozoon |
gestation | development that occurs between the formation of the zygote and birth of the child |
gonad | gamete-generating organ |
gravida | a pregnant woman |
haploid cell | cell containing only one set of chromosomes, those of either the potential father or the potential mother |
meiosis | cell division that produces cells with only one set of chromosomes, those of either the potential father or the potential mother |
menses | end of one uterine cycle and the beginning of another |
menstrual cycle | part of the reproductive system process in women |
amniotic sac | fluid-filled sac that surrounds the fetus inside the uterus |
androgens | hormones that promote the production of male gametes |
cervix | common term for the uterine cervix |
chromosome | a gene-bearing bundle of DNA found in the nucleus of all cells |
aminocentesis | extraction and diagnostic examination of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac |
cervicectomy | excision of the uterine cervix |
cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix |
cervicoplasty | surgical repair of the uterine cervix OR neck |
cervicotomy | incision of the uterine cervix |
Addison disease | a disorder characterized by a failure of the adrenal glands to produce hydrocortisone and in some cases aldosterone |
Cushing syndrome | a hormonal disorder caused by too much hydrocortisone |
Graves disease | a common form of hyperthyroidism resulting from over production of thyroxine; caused by a false immune system response |
hydrocortisone | an adrenal gland hormone secretion |
hyperpituitarism | excessive hormone secretion by the pituitary gland |
hyperthyroidism | condition caused by an overactive thyroid; usually caused by an immune system disorder known as Grave's disease |
hypophysitis | inflammation of the pituitary gland |
hypopituitarism | condition of diminished hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland |
pituitarism | any pituitary dysfunction |
thyroaplasia | congenital condition characterized by low thyroid output |
thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland |
thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
endocrinologist | medical specialist in endocrinology |
endrocrinology | medical specialty of the endocrine system |
adenectomy | excision of a gland |
adentomy | incision of a gland |
adrenalectomy | surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands |
hypophysectomy | surgical removal of hypophysis |
parathyroidectomy | surgical excision of the parathyroid gland |
thyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid gland |
thyroparathyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
thyrotomy | surgery performed on the thyroid gland |
somatotropin | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to signal the liver to secrete somatomedin, which stimulates growth |
suprarenal glands | another name for the adrenal glands |
thyroid gland | one of the four glands belonging solely to the endocrine system |
thyrotropin | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
throxine | a secretion of the thyroid gland |
triiodothyronine | another secretion of the thyroid gland, which is often synthesized from thyroxine by bodily organs |
adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
adenohypophysitis | inflammation of the hypophysis |
adrenalitis | inflammation of an adrenal gland |
adrenalopathy | any disease of the adrenal glands |
adrenomegaly | enlargement of the adrenal glands |
diabetes insipidus | condition brought about by the posterior pituitary's failure to produce enough ADH |
diabetes mellitus, Type 1 and Type 2 | condition brought about by insufficient production of insulin in the pancrease or the failure of teh body's cells to absorb glucose |
goiter | chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland |
hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in the blood |
gonadotropin | interstitial cell-stimulating hormone; hormone promoting gonadal growth in the male |
gonadotropin | luteinizing hormone; stimulates ovulation |
hypophysis | synonym for pituitary gland |
lipid derivatives | one of the three chemical classes of hormones |
melanocyte-stimulating hormone | hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland |
melatonin | hormone secreted by the pineal gland |
neurohypophysis | synonym for posterior pituitary gland |
noradrenaline | synonym for norepinephrine; produced in smaller amounts than adreanaline; has strong vasoconstrictive effects |
norepinephrine | synonym for noradrenaline |
oxytocin | hormone secreted by te posterior pituitary gland |
parathyroid gland | secretes parathyroid hormone, which slows the loss of calcium from bone |
peptide hormones | one of the three chemical classes of hormones |
parathyroid hormone | a hormone that slows calcium loss from bones |
pineal gland | glad that secretes melatonin, an antioxidant that is otherwise not well understood |
pituitary gland | synonym for hypophysis |
prolactin | a secretion of the anterior pituitary gland |
adenogenous | originating in a gland |
adenohypophysis | the anterior pituitary gland |
adrenal glands | glads, located one at the top of each kidney |
adrenaline | synonym for epinephrine, a powerful stimulant capable of producing a range of effects, such as increases in muscular strength and endurance |
aldosterone | one of the corticosteroids, hormones produced by the adrenal glands |
amino acid derivatives | one of the three chemical classes of hormones |
antidiuretic hormone | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to prevent the kidneys from expelling too much water |
cacitonin | hormone secreted by the thyroid to prevent too much calcium from absorption into the bones |
corticosteroids | steroid produced by the cortices of the adrenal glands |
corticotropin | pituitary secretion that stimulates the adrenal glands |
endocrine | adjective describing a gland that delivers its secretions directly into the extracellular fluid |
epinephrine | synonym for adrenaline, a powerful stimulant capable of producing a range of effects, such as increases in muscular strength and endurance |
exocrine | adjective describing a gland that delivers its secretions through a duct onto the skin or other epithelial surface |
gonadotropin | follicle-stimulating hormone; hormone promoting gonadal growth |