Term | Definition |
Prince Henry | sponsored exploration |
Columbus | wanted to reach the east indies by sailing west- underestimated earths size and discovered the americas |
Moctezuma | aztec emperor |
Atahulpa | inca ruler |
mulatto | african and eruopean descent |
treaty of paris | ended the seven years war and resulted in the british dominance of the americas |
price revolution | when inflation rose rapidly |
treaty of tordesillas | treaty signed between spain and portigual whichdivided the non-euroupean world between them |
conquistidaors | spanish explorers who claimed lands in the americas for spain |
pizarro | conqured incas |
Encomendia | spanish goverement gives the right to american colonists to demand free labor from the native americans |
new france | french possesions in the present day canada |
triangular trade | colonial trade routes among eroupe and its colonies, the west indies, and africa where goods, ideas, people, and disease were exchanged |
capitolisim | means of production are privately owned and opperated for profit |
magellan | circumnavigated the globe |
cortes | conqured aztecs, didnt have permission to leave spain, but left anyways |
peninsularies | spainards born in spain |
pilgrims | english protestants who rejected the church of england |
middle passage | leg of the triangular trade where slaves were transported from africa to the americas |
mercantalisim | where a nations wealth is measured by gold and silver- must export more than you import |
cape town | first colony in south africa |
tenochtitlan | capitol city of the aztec empire |
mestizo | native american and European parents |
french and Indian war | between britian and france in the americas(part of 7 years war) |
Colombian exchange | global exchange of goods, ideas, plannts, animals, disease, people |
list and explain the 5 motivations for european exploration | 1- gold and silver needed to fund wars for power
2-spread Christianity
3- expand knowledge
4- larger empires- land = power
5-trade routes to asia and the spice islands for salt to preserve meat. muslims are in control of trade routes |
what was prince Henry's role in the age of exploration | sponsored portuguse explorers- results in Portugal initially leading the A. of E. |
describe Dias, De gama, coloumbus, and Magelan's explorations | Dias- Africa- Cape of good hope
De Gama-finds a diff route to india!- one of their goals
coloumbus reached east by sailing west(americas)
magellan- first to circumnavigate |
describe how portigual gained footholds in africa and the effect of portugese contact in africa | set up trading forts along coast. when native poopulation declines they need slaves forming the slave trade |
describe the relationship between the natives and coloumbus | he was the first to encounter the tainos who were giving and hepful. coloumbus was cruel and abusive to them
w/o the tainos help who knows what would have happened to coloumbus |
What were advantages and disadvantages the conquistadors had? | A.- guns, Disease, horses
D.- outnumbered |
describe cortez's conquer of the aztecs | cortez goes into tenotician w/ help from the natives and moctezuma welcomes him. moctezuma wont convert and he throws a bible in cortezs face so cortez attacks. mexico city is created |
describe pizarros conquer of the incas | the inca empire is weak bc of a civil war. bc atalupaha dosent convert pizarro caputures and kills ataualpha and kills thousands of incas. pizarro overran them with superior weapons and disease |
short and long term effects of the conquistadors | S.- tens of thousands of natives die
-millions of natives are conqured
L.-new culture emerges
-world becomes more connected |
how did spain rule their colonies? how were they made profitable? | gave land to appointed viceroys and encomindia is enforced. for profit the natives work forcefully for free and sent back to eroupe to trade for money |
describe colonial social structure | 1.-pennsularies- born in spain
2.- creoles- born in americas with spanish born parents
3- mestizos/ malattoes- one european parent and one african or native parent
4-natives
5- slaves |
describe triangular trade | eroupe sends guns and money to africa
africa sends slaves, gold to americas
americas send raw materials to eroupe to be sold for profit |
describe the conditions of the middle passage | slaves overcrowded, no respect for their lives, whipped, DISEASE, chained, no space |
effects of slave trade | europe became wealthiest
african socieity torn apart |
describe coloumbian exchange and some effects | vast exchange of plants, animals, culture, DISEASE, people
increase in population(bc of corn + potatoes- more food means more people)
mass migration
some decrease in population(disease on natives) |
describe commercial revolution | inflation
capitalism
new busnisses practices |
describe mercantalisim | a nations wealth measured by gold- must export more than you import |
inflation | rise of prices linked to increase in amt of money available |