Question | Answer |
What are the main parts of the integumentary system? | hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands |
What are the three layers of skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous Layer |
What is in the middle (Dermis) layer? | Connective tissue, blood vessels, collagen |
What is the term for a freckle or birthmark? | Macule |
What is the term for a sweat gland? | Sudoriferous |
What is the medical term for a black and blue mark? | Ecchymosis |
What is a 1st degree burn? | reddened skin, minor swelling |
What is a 2nd degree burn? | epidermis and dermis damaged, blistering and adema |
What is a 3rd degree burn? | epidermis and dermis completely gone, no pain |
What is sebum? | oil |
Where is it produced? | Sebaceous gland |
What is lordosis? | swayback, excessive anterior lumbar curve |
What is kyphosis? | hunchback |
What is scoliosis? | lateral curvature |
What are the main parts of the Axial skeleton? | Head, neck, spine, chest, trunk |
What are the main parts of the Appendicular skeleton? | Pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, lower extremities |
What are the main types of fracture? | Closed, Compound, Complete, Comminuted, Greenstick |
What is a closed fracture? | simple break, no skin breakage |
What is a compound fracture? | skin broken |
what is a complete fracture? | clean break |
What is a comminuted fracture? | shattered, splintered bone |
What is a greenstick fracture? | incomplete break |
How many cervical vertebrae are there? | 7 |
How many thoracic vertebrae are there? | 12 |
How many lumbar vertebrae are there? | 5 |
What is the most common joint in the body? | Synovial |
What is the term for an irregular heartbeat? | Arrhythmia |
What are arteries? | Blood vessels that move blood away from the heart |
What are veins? | Blood vessels that move blood towards the heart |
What is another name for the bicuspid valve? | Mitral valve |
What is a treadmill test? | Stress test. Method of evaluating cardiovascular fitness |
Where does the left atrium get blood from? | Pulmonary veins |
What is systemic circulation/circuit? | Heart to tissues and cells and back to heart |
What is pulmonary circulation/circuit? | Between heart and lungs. |
Which artery supplies blood to the heart? | Coronary arteries |
What is the node that regulates the beat of the heart? | Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) |
Oxygen exchange happens in what type of vessel? | Capillaries |
Alopecia | baldness |
aneurysm | weakness in the wall of an artery resulting in localized swelling of the artery. |
anhidrosis | abnormal condition of no sweat |
arrhythmia | irregular heartbeat |
arthralgia | joint pain |
arthr/o | joint |
arthritis | joint inflammation |
arthrodesis | medical procedure to stabilize a joint by using the two bones together |
arthroscopy | process of visually inspecting the inside of a joint |
ausculation | listening to sounds within the body by using a stethescope |
biopsy | piece of tissue removed to be examined under microscope |
Bx | biopsy |
cardiomyopathy | disease of the myocardium |
cost/o | rib |
cyanosis | blueish tint to skin cause by deoxygenated blood |
-dynia | pain |
erythema | redness or flushing |
erythroderma | redness or flushing of skin |
fibrillation | abnormal quivering or contractions of heart |
fibromyalgia | pain in the muscles and soft tissues |
HTN | hypertension |
Jaundice | yellow cast in skin, mucous membranes, whites of eyes, caused by deposit of bile pigment |
keloid | formation of a raised thickened hypertrophic scar after injury/surgery |
melanin | black pigment of skin |
myel/o | bone marrow |
myocardial infarction | HEART ATTACK; condition caused by complete occlusion of coronary arteries |
necrosis | dead tissue |
onych/o | nail |
orth/o | straight |
orthopedist | dr. specialized in musculoskeletal system |
pericardium | sac around the heart |
physiatrist | physical therapy specialist |
pil/o | hair |
podiatrist | dr. specialized in feet and lower legs |
pulse | expansion/contraction produced by blood as it moves through the artery |
rickets | bone deformity caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency in early childhood |
-rrhaphy | suture |
-stenosis | narrowing |
what are the organs of the cariovascular system? | Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins |
What does the circulatory system (CV system)do? | delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells, picks up carbon dioxide and other waste from cells and delivers to lungs, kidneys, and liver for elimination |
What circulatory systems is the CV divided into? | Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation |
What is the average bpm of the heart? | 60 - 100 bpm |
What is the outermost layer of the heart? | pericardium |
What is the endocardium? | inner most layer of heart, lines heart chambers, smooth thin layer reduces friction as blood flows through chambers |
What is the myocardium? | middle layer of heart, thick muscle, contraction of this layer develops pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels |
What is the epicardium? | outer layer of heart,forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac, fluid between layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats |
What are the four chambers of the heart? | Left and right atria, left and right ventricles |
What are the four valves of the heart? | Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral (bicuspid), aortic |
What is the pacemaker of the heart called? | Sinoatrial node |
What is lumen? | the channel within blood vessels |
angiogram | record of a vessel |
angiitis | inflammation of a vessel |
angioplasty | surgical repair of a vessel |
angiostenosis | narrowing of a vessel |
cardiorrhexis | ruptured heart |
phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
murmur | abnormal heart sound such as soft blowing sound or harsh click; also called a bruit |
catheter | flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into/out of body |
palpitations | pounding, racing heartbeats |
regurgitation | a flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve |
Aporcrine glands | sweat glands; produce odor |
embolus | obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site |
hemorrhoid | varicose veins in the anal region |
hypertension (HTN) | high blood pressure |
thrombus | blood clot in a blood vessel |
varicose veins | swollen and distended veins |
AFB | Atrial fibrillation |
AMI | acute myocardial infarction |
AS | arteriosclerosis |
ASD | atrial septal defect |
ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease |
AV, A-V | atrioventricular |
BBB | bundle branch block |
BP | blood pressure |
bpm | beats per minute |
CABG | coronary artery bypass |
CAD | coronary artery disease |
cath | catheterization |
CC | cardiac catheterization, chief complaint |
CCU | coronary care unit |
CHF | congestive heart failure |
CoA | coarcation of the aorta |
CP | Chest pain |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
DVT | Deep vein thrombosis |
ECC | extracorporeal circulation |
mmHg | millimeters of mercury |
What else if the dermis known as? | Corium |
anhidrosis | no sweat |
hyperhidrosis | excessive sweat |
hirsutism | excessive hair growth |
petechiae | spots from minute hemorrhages under skin |
purpura | skin hemorrhage due to fragile blood vessels |
cyst | fluid filled sac under skin |
laceration | torn or jagged wound |
macule | birthmark freckle |
abscess | collection of pus in skin |
papule | small, solid raised spot smaller than 0.5 cm |
pustule | raised spot on skin containing pus |
impetigo | highly infectious bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over |
Kaposi's sarcoma | skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish purple lesions |
culture and sensitivity (C&S) | grows bacteria removed from infected area to identify infecting bacteria |
allograft | skin graft from one person to another |
heterograft | skin graft from an animal of another species |
debridement | removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from wound |
incision and drainage (I&S) | making an incision to drain material such as pus |
What do bones do? | protect vital organs and store minerals |
What are the four shapes of bones? | Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones |
What is the majority type of bone in the body? | Long bones |
What is the long shaft of a long bone? | Diaphysis |
What is the open canal of the diaphysis called? | Medullary cavity |
what does the medullary contain? | yellow bone marrow |
What is another name for cancellous bone? | Spongy bone |
What is another name for compact bone? | cortical bone |
what is cortical bone? | the outer layer of bones |