Question | Answer |
What are the three main viscoelastics? | Sodium hyaluronate, Chondroitin sulphate, methylcellulose |
Where are viscoelastics utilized? | Surgery |
Aqueous is produced by? | Lacrimal gland |
Mucin layer of tear film is produced by? | Conjunctival goblet cells |
Lipid layer of tear film is produced by? | Meibomian glands |
Name at least 6 type of drugs classifications that may lead to dry eye symptoms. | Anti-‐histamines, anti-‐depressive, High blood pressure, hormones, diuretics, Beta blockers (heart med), Sleeping pills, appetite suppressants |
What is the maximum number of times preserved artificial tears should be used in a day? | 4 |
Name some topical eye drops that may contribute to dry eye. | Glaucoma gtts [Beta blockers (Timolol), Prostaglandin analogues, CAI drops], "Red out" eye gtts |
Purite and Na Perborate are what type of preservatives? | "Disappearing" -break down to oxygen and water on touching the eyes |
Emollients are used where? | Eye ointments |
Name three emollients? | Lanolin, mineral oil, petrolatum |
What is the generic name for Restasis®? | Cyclosporine |
What type of drug is Restasis®? | Immunosupressive - anti-inflammatory |
How long does it take to achieve the full effect of Restasis®? | 4-8 weeks, sometimes longer |
Name two types of punctal plugs. | Permanent and Collagen |
How long do collagen punctal plugs work? | 24, 48, or 72 hours (1-3 days) |
What is Enuclene® used for? | Cleaning prosthesis |
Intraocular irrigating solutions should have a pH of ____ and a tonicity of ____. | 7.4 / 0.9 |
What intraocular irrigating solution is used in cataract surgery for complicated cases? | BSS Plus |
What is the name of the irrigation contact lens used in severe chemical burns? | Morgan lens |
Name two topical hyperosmotic agents. | 2-5% Sodium Chloride and Glycerine |
What are hyperosmotic agents used for and what do you tell the patient? | To reduce corneal edema (epithelial edema). Tell them they will sting |
What agent is used for gonioscopy? | Methylcellulose (Goniosol, Gonak) |
Acetylcysteine is what type of drug? | Mucolytic |
Name five systemic disorders that may have dry eye problems. | Sjögren’s, Graves, Sarcoid, Rheumatoid arthritis, Reactive arthritis, Aids, Rosacea, Bell's Palsy. |