Question | Answer |
Receptor | a cellular factor that recognizes and binds a specific ligand to induce a response |
Ligand | a molecule bound by another molecule such as a receptor |
Intercellular Signaling Molecule | nutrient ligand secreted by one cell to induce a response in another cell |
Hormone | intercellular signaling molecule that controls metabolism or physiology |
Growth factor | intercellular signaling molecule that controls cell cycle progression, cellular differentiation, or morphogenesis during development |
Cytokine | growth factor involved with hematopoiesis |
Isoreceptors | different receptors bound and activated by the same ligand, often inducing distinct responses in different cells |
Paracrine | for an intercellular signaling molecule to diffuse over a short distance, usually through interstitial spaces, to induce a response |
Endocrine | for an intercellular signaling molecule to diffuse through the blood |
Hydrophobic Ligands | Steroids (cholesterol derivatives)
Fatty acid derivatives (prostoglandins, retinoic acid) |
Hydrophilic Ligands | Amino acid derivatives (catecholamines-tyrosine, histamine-histidine, serotonin-tryptophan)
Peptides and proteins (insulin, glucagon, FSH, TGFβ, etc.)
Nucleotides (cAMP)
No carbohydrates - this is the only major class of biochemicals not used as recept |
Transport proteins | action potential initiation & propagation |
Serine/threonine Kinases | Tissue Differentiation
Tissue Patterning
Immunosuppression
Cell Cycle progression |
Seven Receptor Transmembrane | blood glucose levels
metabolism
menstrual cycle
inflamation
glycogenolysis |
Tyrosine Kinases | blood glucose levels
metabolism
cell proliferation
cell cycle progression
differentiation
apoptosis.
glycogen synthesis |
TGF-b | Tissue Differentiation
Tissue Patterning
Immunosuppression
Cell Cycle progression |
Ras | TYROSINE KINASES
metabolism
glycogen synthesis
blood glucose levels
cell cycle progression
apoptosis.
differentiation |
Phosphoinositide | TYROSINE KINASE
cell proliferation |
cAMP | SEVEN TRANSMEMBRANE RECEPTOR
blood glucose levels
metabolism
glycogenolysis
menstrual cycle
inflamation |
synaptic ligand-gated ion channels | TRANSPORT PROTEINS
action propagation initiation & potential |