Term | Definition |
Arthr/o | joint |
Chondr/o | cartilage |
Cost/o | rib |
Myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
Oste/o | bone |
-blast | immature |
Cartilage | flexible connective tissue |
Osteoblasts | immature bone cells |
Osteocytes | mature bone cells |
Skull | has two types of bones (cranial & facial bones) |
Axial skeleton | skull, vertebral column, rib cage, & sternum |
Appendicular skeleton | arms, legs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle |
Arthrocentesis | puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint |
Arthritis | joint inflammation |
Arthrotomy | cutting in to the joint |
Arthroscopy | visual examination of inside a joint |
Intracranial | within the cranium |
Craniotomy | cutting into the cranium |
Myeloma | bone marrow tumor |
Costochondritis | inflammation of rib cartilage |
Osteopathy | bone disease |
Osteoporosis | porous bones which break easily |
Intervertebral | between the vertebrae |
long | longer than wide |
Diaphysis | Narrow part of the bone; the long part of the bone |
Compact bone | solid |
Spongy bone | has holes; looks spongy |
Medullary | hollow part down the bone middle of the bone; has red or yellow bone marrow |
Short bones | about as wide as they are long |
Flat bones | plate shaped (ex: sternum, scapula) |
Irregular | ex: vertebrae |
Condyle | rounded, articulated surface (part of a joint) |
Foramen | hole through a bone |
Fossa | shallow depression |
Ball and joint socket | shoulder and hip are the two found in humans (is a synovial joint) |
Synovial joint | most common type of joint and has synovial fluid |
Synovial membrane | makes synovial fluid |
Synovial fluid | fluid inside synovial joint |
Orthopedics | bone & muscle doctor |
Podiatrist | foot doctor |
Carpal tunnel syndrome | compression of a nerve as it goes through wrist |
NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
corticosteriods | steroids |
Anti-inflammatory agents | corticosteriods & nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) |
Fibr/o | fiber |
My/o | muscles |
Myocardi/o | heart muscle |
-trophy | development |
Skeletal muscles | attaches to the bone; voluntary |
Tendon | attaches skeletal muscle to bone |
Smooth muscle | found in internal organs; involuntary |
Cardiac muscle | muscle of the heart; also called myocardium |
Origin | where muscle attaches to the immovable bone |
Insertion | where muscle attaches to movable bone |
Muscle action | what a muscle does |
Abduction | movement away from midline of body |
Adduction | movement toward the midline of body |
flexion | bending |
Extension | straightening out |
Dorsiflexion of foot | action that moves foot off accelerator |
Plantar flexion of foot | action that pushes foot down on accelerator |
Eversion of foot | turning foot outward with toes still forward |
Inversion of foot | turning foot inward with toes still forward |
Supination of hand | turning palms up (radius and ulna parallel) |
Pronation of hand | turning palms down (radius and ulna crossed) |
Elevation | to raise a body part up |
Depression | to lower a body part |
Opposition | touching palmar surface of thumb to palmar surface of other fingers |
Myopathy | disease of muscle |
Polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles |
Tendinitis | inflammation of a muscle |
Atrophy | loss growth |
Dystrophy | poor growth |
Hypertrophy | excessive growth or development |
Pseudohypertrophy | looks like excessive growth but isn't (false growth) |