Question | Answer |
Primary reproductive organs are referred to as? | gonads |
Female gonads are? Male? | ovaries: testes |
what are the primary roles of the male reproductive system? | production/transportation of sperm, deposition of sperm in female tract, secretion of hormones |
The process of sperm production is called what? | spermatogenesis |
What are the primary roles of the female reproductive system? | production of ova, secretion of hormones, and protection/facilitation of the development of the fetus |
Major functions of the ovaries are: | ovulation and secretion of estrogen/progesterone |
An ovum can be fertilized up to __ hours after its release | 72 |
define nulliparous | never pregnant |
What is the squamocolumnar junction? | The junction at which both types of cells from the ectocervix and endocervix meet . This is where optimal cells are to perform an accurate PAP test. |
The entrance of sperm into the uterus is facilitated by mucus produced by the cervix under the influence of which hormone? | estrogen. (postovulatory cervical mucus, under the influence of progesterone, is thick and inhibits sperm passage) |
GnRH is released by? | hypothalamus |
The pituitary gland secretes which hormones? | FSH: females-growth/maturity of ovarian cycle, males-sperm production. LH: ovulation. ICSH: sperm maturation. Prolactin: lactation |
What is menarche? | first menstrual bleeding |
What is happening to the hormone levels at menarche? | increased estrogen, increased FSH/LH, and gonadotropin secretion occurs |
Describe the order of a menstrual cycle: | menses, proliferative phase, ovulation, secretory phase, menses. |
If fertilization does not occur what happens? | menstruation because of decrease in estrogen and withdrawal of progesterone. |
Define Menopuase | cessation of menses associated with declining ovarian function. |
amenorrhea | no menstruation for one year |
how long is a menstrual cycle? | 21-35 days |
What are some meds that may cause heavy bleeding during menstruation | IUD, anticoagulants, thiazides |
A reduction in circulating estrogen and an increase in androgens in postmenopausal women is associated with what? | breast and genital atrophy, reduction in bone mass, increased rate of atherosclorosis |
what changes take place in men as they age? | increase in prostate, decreased testosterone, decreased sperm production, decreased muscle tone of the scrotum, decrease in size and firmness of the testicles, |
What should the nurse say when talking with an older adult regarding sexual function? | Emphasize the normalcy of sexual activity in older adults. refer patient to counseling to help patient cope with changes. |
What to remember when performing an assessment of the reproductive systems: | develop trust, be professional, be sensitive, ask gender neutral ?'s,be aware of patients culture/belief, begin with least sensitive questions first. |
discuss the effects of mumps and rubella on the reproductive system. | mumps-occurrence of mumps in young men has been associated with an increase in sterility (related to orchitis). Rubella-primary concern to women at child bearing age, if it occurs during first 3 months of pregnancy congenial abnormalities are increased. |
OTC meds and the reproductive system: | diuretics(edema), psychotropic(interfere with performance), antihypertensives(ED) |
Long term use of estrogen/progesterone on HRT increase the women's risk of? | cardiovascular disease, stroke, breast cancer in postmenopausal women |
why is oral contraceptive disease contraindicated in COPD? | because progesterone thickens the mucus |
what are some screenings that women should undergo? | SBE, mammograms, PAP. |
What are some screenings that men should undergo? | testicular exams and men over 50 should undergo digital rectal exam and prostate specific antigen testing |
dyspareunia | painful intercourse |
metororrhagia | spotting between periods |
menorrhagia | excessive bleeding with periods |
pregnancy is usually validated by what hormone? | human chorionic gonadotropic (hCG) |