Question | Answer |
What are the three major sections of the Earth? | Crust, Mantle, and Core |
What is the lithosphere? | The outer-most layer of the Earth that we walk on. |
What is the asthenosphere? | the "plastic" like layer that the lithosphere floats and moves on. |
What is the mesosphere? | the strong, inner layer of the Earth |
What is the outer core? | liquid iron |
What is the inner core? | Solid Iron |
What element make up the inner core of the Earth? | Iron |
What does the material produce that is detectable at the surface? | Magnetic Fields |
What does a magnet produce that can be detected with iron fillings and compasses at the surface? | Magnetic Fields |
What direction does a compass point? Why? | North...it is drawn to the South Magnetic Pole |
Why are some maerials able to be magnetized whild others can't? | Some atoms can aline and others can's. |
What is the geologic time scale? | A timeline of Earth's history
A tool to study Ear's history |
Why did scientists create the geologic time scale? | To make studying Earth's history easier |
Name the 4 units of time on the geologic time scale from longest to shortest. | Eon, Era, Period, Epoch |
Name and tell who ruled 3 eras of Earth's history. | Palozoic(Marine)
Mesozoic(Reptile)
Cenozoic(Mammals) |
Which era are we in right now? | Cenozoic |
What are tectonic plate? | Chuncks of earth that move and fit together |
What is the theory of plate tectonics? | Plates of the Earth move and fit together |
What are curents that bring hot materials up ad cooler materials down? | Convection currents do to the tectonic plates |
What do convection currents do to tectonic plates? | Make them move |
Name the area where two plates collide. | Convergant Boundries |
Name the area where plates move away from each other. | Divergaent Boundries |
Name the area where two plates slide past each other. | Transform Boundries |
What process creates new ocean floor? | sea-floor spreading |
Which process creates mountain ranges? | Convergent |
Which process is the same as sea-floor spreading? | Divergent |
When plates rub against each other, what occurs? | Earthquake |
Which boundries resut in earthquakes? | Transform, convergent, divergent |
If there is a break in the crust, what is created? | fault, volcano, fissure |
What theory supports the idea that the Earth has changed quickly? | Catastrophism |
What theory supprts the idea that the Earth has changed slowly? | Uniformitarism |
How do igneous rocks form? | Magma Cools |
Name the igneous rock formations inside the crust of the Earth. | Intrusive igneous rock
(Dike, Sill, Batholith, Stock) |
Name the igneous rock formations outside the crust of the Earth. | Extrusive igneous rock
(Dike, Volcanic Neck) |
How do metamorphic rocks form? | Heat & Pressure |
How do sedimentry rocks form? | Sediment packed together |
What are three types of sedimentary rocks? | Clastic, Chemical, Organic |
Which one is made from sediment packed together? | Clastic |
Which one is made from sediment crystallizing together? | Chemical |
Which one is made from dead bodies being packed together? | Organic |
What are the parts of the rock that take place above the surface? | Erosion, Weathering, Deposition, and Solidifaction |
What are the parts of the rock cycle that take place below the surface? | Compaction and Cementation, Metamorphism, Melting, Cooling |
What are the 8 parts of the rock cycle? | Erosion, Weathering, Depostion, Solidifaction, Compaction and Cementation, Metamorphism, Melting, Cooling |
What is the top layer of the soil caled? | Top Soil |
What is the undweathered rock called that is found below the surface? | Bedrock |
What ingredients make up the soil? | Sand, CLay, Silt, Water, Air |
What is the major ingredientin soil? | Rock Fragments |
What type of particles are found in soil? | sand, clay, silt, water, clay, air, humus |
Why is infilation important for plants in soil? | They get water and nutrients |
What is leaching? | Nutrient are washed out of soil. |
Are all soils nutrient-rich? | No |
What is another name for soil layers? | Soil Horizons |
What kind of environment has very rich soil for growing crops? | Temperate Forest and Grasslands |
What important role do organisms have in keeping soil "healthy" for plants? | They break down the ground and "process" the material(poop) |
What causes a sinkhole in the Earth? | The ground caves in |
What happens to the limestone under the surface of the Earth? | It dissolves because of carbonic acid. |
What causes the caverns and caves in the Earth? | The limestone breaks down and errodes away |
What does a glacier do to the surface of the Earth? | It moves materials and breaks down rocks |
What is the currently happening to glaciers of the world? | They are melting. |
What can happen when a glacier melts? | flooding |
Was Indiana ever covered by a glacier? | Yes |
Would you find fossils in metamorphic rock? | No, Too much heat and pressure |
Name 5 types of enviornments where you could find fossils. | Amber, Asphalt, Sediment, Ice |
Is there fossil evidence to show that envieronments have changed over time? | Yes |
What kind of events may have changed Earth's surface over time? | Glaciers, Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Asteroids, Floods |
What is mass? | How much matter an object has. |
What is volume? | How much space an object takes up |
What is density? | How much matter is in a given volume
D=M/V |
What is weight? | how much gravitaional force pulls on an object |
What are the units of mass? | Grams or Kilograms |
What are the units of volume? | Cm cubed for a solid/ mL or Liters for liquids |
What are the units of density? | Grams per cm cubed |
What are the units of weight? | Newtons |
What instruments are used to measure each property? | Mass- Triple Beam Balance
Volume-Graduated Cylinder(liquid)or Ruler(solid)
Density- Triple Beam Balace & graduated cylinder or Ruler
Weight- spring scale |