Question | Answer |
Who is responsible for the handling, transportation, storage, and disposal of cylinders ? | USDOT (US Department of Transportation) |
What other 2 associations contribute to the handling, transportation, storage, and disposal of cylinders? | CGA (Compressed Gas Association), NFP (National Fire and Protection Association) |
At room temperature, what is oxygen stored as? | Compressed Gas |
What is the critical temp of oxygen? | -119 degrees C |
Manifolds reduce to pressure in cylinders of oxygen from what to what? | 2000psi to 50psi |
Reducing the pressure in the cylinder promotes what? | Safe delivery of the gas |
What is room temperature? | 20 degrees C/68 degrees F |
Oxygen is stored as what below critical temp? | A liquid |
True/False - liquid oxygen must be stored well below its critical temperature of -119 degrees C | True |
Can gas be liquified by pressure? | Yes, but only if stored below critical temperature (-119 C) |
Regarding storage of liquid oxygen, why do hospitals prefer this method of storage? | More economical |
True/False - Anesthesia providers should always have a backup of oxygen in case of pipeline failure. | True |
What is the maximum capacity of oxygen in liters? | 660L |
What is the service pressure of oxygen? | 2000psi |
How much pressure should be in a cylinder of oxygen to be considered adequate? | 1000psi |
If you have a service pressure of 1000psi in a cylinder of oxygen, how many liters of oxygen are available? | 330L |
What should an anesthesia provider do in the event of loss of pipeline pressure? | 1. Fully open up the E cylinder
2. Disconnect the pipeline
3. Consider using low fresh gas flow as to not deplete your cylinder too quickly |
Why might the flow of oxygen end before a cylinder is completely empty? | If the E cylinder is not fully open |
Where are hoses to the pipeline disconnected from? | Quick Connection Fitting |
True/False - As oxygen is expended from a cylinder, the cylinder pressure falls with its content | True |
In an E cylinder of nitrous oxide, what is the capacity in liters? | 1600L |
What is the working pressure of a cylinder of nitrous oxide? | 745mmHg |
Nitrous oxide is stored as a what? | A liquid |
What is the critical temperature of nitrous oxide? | 36.5 degrees C (above room temp) |
How is nitrous oxide achieved? | By the process of thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate |
Nitrous oxide is stored in what type of cylinder? | Large H cylinder |
True/False - Bulk storage of nitrous oxide is NOT available. | False - bulk storage of nitrous oxide is available |
True/false - Nitrous oxide is easily compressed without a large increase in tank pressure | True |
What is a rupture disc? | All gas cylinders are equipped with a ruptured disc which is an emergency pressure relief valve which prevents explosion under conditions of high pressure? |
What is a condition that might result in high pressure of an E cylinder? | Overfilling |
At what PSI will the pressure relief valve rupture? | 3300psi |
E cylinders can withstand up to how much pressure? | 5000psi |
What is a low temperature metal located between the valve block and the cylinder body and melts at a low temperature of 158 degees F? | Wood's Metal |
What is the purpose of Woods Metal? | Allows the contents in the cylinder to escape in a controlled fashion, lessening the risk of explosion. |
Define a small burst disc. | A small metal gasket engineered to rupture at a pre-determined pressure |
True/False - Some burst discs are backed with a low melting point and the valve must be exposed to excessive heat before the disc can rupture. | True |
True/False - The volume remainging in the nitrous oxide cylinder is proportional to the cylinder pressure | False - The volume remaining in the nitrous cylinder is not proportional to the cylinder pressure. The pressure will remain at 745psi till approximately 400L are left in the tank. |
When should a nitrous oxide tank be changed? | When the tank pressure falls below 745psi |
What does a nitrous oxide cylinder reading higher than 745psi imply? | 1. Gauge Malfunction 2. Overfilling 3. A gas other than nitrous oxide was mistakenly filled |
What is your action as an anesthesia provider if you have a nitrous tank with a service pressure reading higher than 745psi? | Take the tank out of service |
When energy is consumed in the conversion of liquid to gas, what is this phenomenon called? | Latent Heat Vaporization |
What is nitrous oxide stored as? | A liquid at room temperature |
What happens when you are running 4L/min or greater of nitrous oxide? | Rapid removal of nitrous oxide from a cylinder can cause the formationof frost on its walls or feeze the valve because of the loss of latent heat of vaporization from the liquid nitrous oxide. |
Liquid oxygen must be stored at or below what temperature? | -119 degrees C |
What is the meaning of "tare weight" and where can it be found? | Tare weight means empty and can be found on the shoulder of the cylinder |
What is the tare weight of an E cylinder? | 9.8lbs |
Describe the proper way to "crack" a cylinder | Open the valve to release some gas |
What is the purpose of cracking a cylinder? | To remove debris/particles that could possibly interfere with flow |
What color is the nitrous tank? | Blue |
What color is the oxygen tank? | Green |
What is the only reliable way to determine the residual volume of a nitrous oxide cylinder? | To weigh the tank |
When will a cylinder of nitrous begin to lose its pressure? | When approximately 400L remain |
What color is medical air? | Yellow |
How is medical air obtained? | By blending oxygen and nitrogen together or it can be provided by air compressors |
What is the critical temperature of air? | -140.6 degrees C |
True/False - Medical gas is stored as a gas in cylinders whose pressures fall in proportion to the tank content | True |
What 2 items help to provide the filtered but unsterile air to the anesthesia system? | In-line filters and water traps |
How many liters can an H cylinder hold? | 7000L |
What are the major constituents of compressed air? | 1. Nitrogen-78% 2. Oxygen-21% 3. Argon-1% |
What does the pneumonic WAGD stand for? | Waste, Anesthesia, Gas, Disposal |
What does DISS stand for? | Diameter Index Safety System |
What is the purpose of DISS? | Makes cross connection more difficult by using different size and shape connectors for N2O and O2. This makes cross connection difficult but not impossible. |
What does PISS stand for? | Pin Index Safety System |
What is the purpose of PISS? | Another means of preventing misconnection. pin arrangement matches holes in the yoke, where the cylinder attaches to the machine |
What are the PISS numbers for Air? | 1 and 5 |
What are the PISS numbers for oxygen? | 2 and 5 |
What are the PISS numbers for Nitrous oxide? | 3 and 5 |
What are the PISS numbers for CO2? | 1 and 6 |
What are the PISS numbers for Helium? | No pins for Helium |
What provides for uninterrupted gas supply to the OR? | Auto Switching Manifolds |
What is another term for emergency shut off valves? | Zone Valves |
Where are zone valves located? | Outside of the OR's |
True/False - Compressed Nitrogen is administered to patients | False - Compressed Nitrogen is used to power OR equipment |
What kind of cylinder is compressed nitrogen stored in? | H cylinders and they are wheeled around on a dolly |
True/False - Nitrogen tanks are generally regulator controlled | True |
What is compressed carbon dioxide used for in the OR? | Insufflation of the abdomen during laparoscopic procedures |
What is the insufflation pressure of the abdomen? | 15 |
What color tank is the insufflation gas carbon dioxide? | Gray |
What 2 items should be checked to ensure the proper gas for the proer application? | Label and PISS |
Who recommends color coding? | CGA (Compressed Gas Association) |
True/False - Color coding is mandatory | False - Color coding is not mandatory. It is recommended but not all manufacturers follow the recommendation |
Who published the standards on professional qualifications for inspectors and verifiers of medical gas systems? | The AmericanSociety of Sanitary and Engineering (ASSE) |
True/False - Anesthesia providers have and obligation to ensure the system is properly designed and functioning and should participate in the final inspection process | True |
True/False - Most problems with cross connections occur due to human error | False - Most problems with cross connections occur with new systems or following repairs |
What are gas pipes constructed of? | Seamless copper tubing |
What is avoided at all costs in terms of the pipeline? | Internal contamination with oils, dust, and water |
Anesthesia equipment interface with the pipeline systems how? | By color coded hoses |
True/False - Quick connect couplers are noted on the wall and the DISS fittings that help prevent connection errors are found on the anesthesia machine | True |
What are 4 ways to test the anesthesia gas circuits prior to patient use? | 1. Pressure Test 2. Test for Cross Connections 3. Pipeline Purge Test using a cheesecloth 4. Standing Pressure Test after the wall are close up |
In accordance with the ASSE 6000 requirements, what is another name for the tests? | System Verification Tests |
True/FAlse - Each gas outlet is tested individually to ensure it is connected to the proper source | True |
What is generally used to blow the pipeline free of debris? | Humidity and contaminate free nitrogen |
What is the purpose of the pressure test? | Increase the pressure for 48 hours while monitoring for leaks |