Question | Answer |
dendrites | receives info |
cell body | nucleus, cytoplasm |
axon | sends info |
myelinated | faster, transfers info |
node of ranvier | action potential |
unmyelinated | slow production |
axon terminal | end of axon, stimulus transferred |
synaptic bulb | end of axon terminal, neuro transmitters are released |
synaptic cleft | space between bulb and post synaptic membrane |
neuron carry sensory information towards the CNS | Afferent |
neuron carry motor information away from the CNS | Efferent |
synaptic bulb | electrical action potential that goes thru |
synapse | permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell |
what is a neurotransmitter | a chemical |
where is the neurotransmitter produced | in the axon |
where is the neurotransmitter transported | at the axon |
where is the neurotransmitter released | synaptic bulb |
acetylcholine | stimulate |
acetylcholine | muscles, glands or other neurons |
Histamine | stimulate |
Histamine | mast cells |
Epinephrine/norepinephrine | stimulate |
Epinephrine/norepinephrine | ANS |
Endorphins/enkephalins | inhibit |
Endorphins/enkephalins | pain |
Substance P | stimulate |
Endorphins/enkephalins | pain |
what is a nerve | group of neurons |
epineurium | outercovering |
perineurium | covers bundles or fasciculus |
endoneurium | covers each axon |
how many cranial nerves are there | 12 pair |
trigeminal | sensory face |
facial | motor face, movement |
vagus | stimulates everything (longest one) |
accessory | sternoclidomastoid and upper trapes |
how many spinal nerves are there | 31 pair |
what is a plexus | a network of spinal nerves |
cervical | upper head, face, neck |
cervical | phrenic (diaphragm muscle) |
brachial | upper extremities |
lumbar | front of lower extremities |
sacral | posterior lower extremities |
muscle spindle cells | monitor length of muscle stimulates when contracted |
golgi tendon organs | monitor muscle tension |
joint kinesthetic receptors | monitor joint position |
cutaneous receptors | touch, pressure, temp |
what is a reciprocal inhibition | cause other muscles to elongate |
what information do the reflexes tell a practitioner | nerve function |
what is a dermatome | skin stimulation of a spinal nerve |
what are neuroglia? | support cells |
Astrocytes | blood brain barrier |
ependymal cells | filter cerebral spinal fluid |
microglia cells | eat and devour, fango cells |
oligodendrocytes | produce mylin in CNS |
schwann cells | produce mylin in PNS |
the very distal end of the spinal cord is called | caudal equina (resemble horse tail) |
3 LAYERS OF MENINGES: deuro mater | outer |
3 LAYERS OF MENINGES: arachnoid | middle |
3 LAYERS OF MENINGES: pro mater | inner |
what is the purpose of meninges | to protect |
where is the epidural space | above the deuro mater |
why is white matter white | mylinated |
why is gray matter gray | unmylinated |
what is decussation | the electrical stimulus crossing over the CNS,right side of body messages are received on the left side of brain. |
what is CSF | fluid surrounds brain and protects and nourishes |
known as vital reflex center | medulla oblongata |
what is the reticular activationg system responsible for? | alertness, awakefullness, awareness |
the limbic system is known as the | emotional brain |
what main arteries serve the brain? | vertebral and corritited |
what is the function of the cerebellum | balance muscle control and coordination |
what is the function of the cerebrum | intelligence, analizing (thinking brain) |
frontal | motor activity |
parital | touch, pain, etc |
temporal | hearing |
occipital | vision |