Term | Definition |
Natural numbers | counting numbers (1, 2, 3,4...) |
Whole numbers | natural numbers and zero (0, 1, 2, 3...) |
Integers | whole numbers an their opposites (...1, 0, -1...) |
Negative numbers | numbers less than zero (...-3, -2, -1...) |
Opposite | numbers that have the same distance from 0 on a number line, but on the opposite side of 0. (-7 and 7 are opposites |
rational numbers | any number that can be expressed as a fraction. |
absolute value | a numbers distance from 0 on the number line. |
Multiplication | repeated addition of a number a given number of times. |
product | the result of multiplying two more numbers. |
factors | the numbers that you multiply |
division | separating one number into a given number of equal parts. |
quotient | the answer to a division problem. |
dividend | the number thats being divided. |
divisor | the number you divide by |
remainder | the amount left over. |
divisible | when a number can be divided evenly into another number with no remainder |
multiples | the products that result from multiplying the number by each of the whole numbers |
least common multiples (LCM) | the smallest multiple two or more numbers have in common. |
greatest common factor (GCF) | the largest common factor of two or more numbers |
commutative property | shows that the order of the numbers does not change the sum of an addition problem or the product of a multiplication problem.
Ex: a + b = b + a a * b = b * a |
associative property | shows that the grouping of the numbers does not change the sum or product.
Ex: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
(a * b) * c = a * (b * c) |
distributive property | uses both addition and multiplication.
Ex: a(b + c) = a(b) + a(c) |
identity property | shows the sum of any number and zero is that number and the product of any number and one is that number.
Ex: a + 0 = 0 a * 1 = a |
inverse property | shows that the sum of a number and its opposite is zero an the product of a number and its reciprocal is one.
Ex: a + (-a) = 0 a * 1/a = 1 |
reciprocal | switching the numerator and denominator of a fraction. Ex: 1/2 & 2/1 |
zero property | shows that the product of any number and zero is zero. Ex: 5 * 0 = 0 |