Question | Answer |
What is an Oceanic Trench | Very deep sections of the ocean floor when the oceanic plate goes down. |
Fold mountain Formation | Where tectonic plates collide the sedimentary rocks that have built up are folded and forced upwards. |
Alps (fold mountain case study) | Background- Central Europe
Farming- Steep upland areas- goats milk cheese meat
HEP- Valleys dammed to generate HEP 60% swiss electricity
Tourism- 100 million tourists each year, economy
Mining- Salt, iron ore gold
Forestry- scots pine planted |
Volcano Soufriere Hills (Case study) | Primary impacts- Schools,hospitals airport destroyed
- Vegetation and farmland destroyed
Secondary impacts- Fires destroyed buildings e.g. police HQ
- Tourism on island is now increasing
Immediate responses-people evacuated
Long term- Risk map |
Super Volcano formation | 1- Magma rises through cracks to form a large magma basin pressure causes a bulge
2- Bulge cracks creating vents. Lava erupts causing earthquakes and ash and rock
3- Magma basin empties and collapses
4- Caldera forms when eruption finishes. |
Earthquake L'Aquila,Italy and Kashmir,Pakistan (case study) | (I)Prep- Laws on construction (K)- No local disaster plan
primary (I)- 290 deaths, hundreds injured(K) 80k deaths, Hundreds of thousands injured
secondary (I)- Aftershocks hampered rescue efforts (K)- Diarrhoea and diseases spread |
Earthquake continued | Immediate-(I)Camps were set up with water food and medical care (K)- no helps for days and weeks
Long term- Italian prime minister built a new town (K)- 40k people have been relocated |
Tsunami (indian Ocean) | 230k people were killed, 1.7m people lost their homes, Infrastructure of many countries were damaged, 5-6m needed emergency food, massive economic damage, tourism suffered, massive environmental damage- sand dunes destroyed responses-£100m sent, £1B(infr. |