Question | Answer |
ab pain, ascites, hepatomegaly from obstruct of two or more major hepatic veins d/t thrombosis--> encephalopathy. Red-purple liver w tense capsule | Budd-Chiari |
accumulate unconj bilirubin in brain->kernicterus | Erythroblastosis fetalis |
Bridging fibrosis septa linking portal tracts, Parenchymal nodules of hepatocytes encircled by fibrosis, Disruption of entire liver architecture. Death of hepatocytes, deposit ECM, vasc reorganization | Cirrhosis |
chronic CONJUGATED hyperbilirubinemia d/t defect in hepatocell excrete of bilirubin glucuronides across canalicular membrane by multidrug resistance prot 2. liver is Black | Dubin-Johnson synd |
circular defective ssRNA Deltaviridae. Dependent on HBV. Only makes delta antigen (HDAg) | Hep D |
extrahepat bile duct obstruct=biliary atresia, gallstones, stricture, panc CA. Pruritus, jaundice, dark urine, light stools, hepatosplenomegaly. Conjug hyperbilirubinemia, increase serum ALP, bile acids, cholest. Yellow-green liver, fibrous jigsaw septa | Secondary biliary cirrhosis |
hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflam, steatosis. Fat people. Elevated AST and ALT, AST/ALT ratio less than 1 (above 2 in alcoholic steatohep). | nonalcoholic steatohep (NASH) |
Baby w prolonged conj hyperbilirubinemia. mostly caused by biliary atresia. jaundice, dark urine, light stools, hepatomega | Neonatal cholestasis |
mutant ATP7Bimpaired copper excretion into bile and fail to incorporate Cu into ceruloplasmin. Cu build up in liver (chronic hep), brain (putamen atrophy), eye (Kayser-Fleischer rings). | Wilson disease |
nothing to inhibit destructive proteasesemphysema and liver disease. PiS and PiZ (PiZZ is most common dysfnx). Round to oval cytoplasmic globular inclusions in hepatocytes | Alpha1-Antitrypsin def |
partially dsDNA. Most recover from acute hep, some get fulminant hep, more get chronic hep (ground-glass hepatocytes), most are healthy carrier, some cirrhosis->hepatocell CA, less recover. Unprotect sex and IV drug use. Detect HBsAg or antibods to HBcAg | Hep B |
ssRNA. Most common chronic blood infx/cause of liver disease. Most progress to chronic hep (20% cirrhose) (Fatty change of hepatocytes). Unprotect sex and IV drug. Lots of variability (quasispecies), no vaccine. Episodic elevate serum aminotransferases | Hep C |
ssRNA Hepevirus. water-borne, zoonotic. High mortality when pregnant | Hep E |
ssRNA Picornavirus, doesn’t cause chronic hep. IgM antibody then IgG antibody for years. | Hep A |
UGT1A1 completely absent->very high unconj bilirubin->jaundice/icterus | Crigler-Najjar type 1 |
UGT1A1 greatly reduced->form monoglucuronidated bilirubin->extraordiarily yellow skin | Crigler-Najar type 2 |
UGT1A1 reduced a little, no big deal | Gilbert Syndrome |
viable hepatocytes unable to function properly (tetracycline tox and acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)) | Hep dysfnx
o Jaundice, hypoalbuminemia->periph edema, hyperammonemia->hepat encephalopathy, fetor hepaticus = “musty” or “sweet and sour” body odor from mercaptans, hyperestrogenemia->palmar erythema and spider angiomas and hypogonadism and gynecomast |
young women on birth control. Benign. HNF1alpha and Beta-catenin. Pale biley | Hepatic Adenoma |
most common liver tumor of kids. Activates WNT/beta-catenin. Beckwith-Weidmann | Hepatoblastoma |
most common cause of hepat fail, cirrhosis | Chronic Hep fail |
most common cause of chronic liver disease in US. | Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD) |
most common benign liver tumors. Red-blue soft nodules | Cavernous hemangiomas |
maternal HTN, proteinuria, peripheral edema, coag abnorm, DIC. Plus hyper-reflex and convulsions = eclampsia.
o HELLP synd = Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets. | Preeclampsia |
massive hepatic necrosis w encephalopathy caused most often by drugs (acetomenophin), also Hep A and B | Acute Hep failure |
malignancy of biliary tree. Most are extrahepatic (perihilar Klatskin tumors). Firm gray w/in bile duct walls. Malignant adenocarcinoma. IL6 overexpress->AKT and anti-apoptotic prot MCL1 active. | Cholangiocarcionoma |
inflamm and obliterative fibrosis of intrahepat and extrahepat bile ducts. Associated w IBD. Atypical p-ANCAs, hypergammaglobulinemia. Men. Onion-skin fibrosis
And another thing: - Nutmeg liver w left sided heart fail or shock | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) |
most common primary liver cancer. Lots of things lead to it (hepatitis, cirrhosis). Malignant | Hepatocell Carcinoma (HCC) |
most common biliary tract anomaly creates Phrygian cap | Folded Fundus |