Question | Answer |
Explain how stridor is produced | Areas of low pressure distal to narrowed airways cause airway to collapse and vibrate |
Stridor is described as | A high pitched, musical sound made while breathing |
What is the narrowest part of the trachea? | Subglottis |
Croup, epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscess and diphtheria all cause | Extrathoracic obstructions |
The supraglottic area includes the | Nasopharynx, epiglottis, larynx, aryepiglottic folds and false vocal cords |
The upper airway is divided into two regions, they are | Extrathoracic and intrathoracic |
What is the most common cause of extrathoracic airway obstruction in infants? | Croup (Laryngomalacia) |
Larynogomalacia is commonly known as | Croup |
Stridor from extrathoracic obstruction is heard in | Inspiration |
Stridor from intrathoracic obstruction is heard in | Expiration |
Stridor heard in both inspiration and expiration is coming from | Glottis or a fixed and critical obstruction |
Narrowing of nasal, nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal areas leads to | Snoring |
Stridor in a patient ages birth-toddler, Consider a | Congenital disorder |
Stridor in 6-36months, consider | Croup or foreign body aspiration |
Stridor in less than 4 years old, consider | Retropharyngeal abscess |
Stridor in older than 10, consider | Peritonsillar abscess |
In abrupt onset stridor, consider | Allergic reaction, foreign body or infection |
If patient presents with respiratory distress+drooling+gasping+fever, consider | Bacterial tracheitis (Emergency) |
If stridor presents with a steady, progressive onset, consider | Viral croup (90% of stridor!!) |
Delayed airway burns can result from | Steam, smoke, or microwaved liquids (Emergency) |
In chronic stridor, consider | Foreign body, tumor, subglottic stenosis, or vascular rings |
If patient presents with a change in voice, consider | Laryngeal lesion or paralysis |
Evaluate the patient 2 times | Rest and after |
Which factors are important to inspect for a stridor patient | Height/weight, size of tonigue, craniofacial malformation, surgical scars, neck edema, fever, cyanosis, nasal flaring, retractions, lymphadenopathy, clubbing, hemangiomas, cafe au lait spots |
Which side of the stethoscope to use for stridor | The bell |
In a patient with a steeple sign, consider | Croup |
What radiographic test is give to a patient with an intrathoracic problem? | Chest xray |
What radiographic test is given to a patient with swallowing problems? | Barium swallow |
What radiographic test is given to a patient with tracheomalacia | Airway fluoroscopy |
What radiographic test is given to a patient with mediastinum, tracheal stenosis or obstruction | MRI |
what test will give a definitive diagnosis for epiglottitis or bacterial tracheitis? | Airway exam |
What scope would you use for a stable airway? | Nasopharyngoschopy |
What scope would you use for an unstable airway? | Laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy |
Gold standard scope for subglottic, tracheal and central airway lesions, biopsies, foreign bodies, and to dilate stenosed airways | Rigid laryngoscopy |
Extrathoracic obstructions are found | Above the thoracic inlet (Supraglottic, glottic and subglottic area) |
Intrathoracic obstructions are found in | The portion of the trachea in the thoracic cavity and the mainstem bronchi |