Question | Answer |
Immediate goal in treating an asthma attack | Bronchodilation |
Acetylcholine is released by the ____ | Parasympathetics |
Acetylcholine binds to which receptor | M3 which causes bronchoconstriction |
Most potent bronchoconstrictors in the body | Leukotrienes |
Are Antihistamines effective for asthma? | No |
First line drug for immediate treatment of acute asthma attack | Short acting beta agonist |
Short acting beta2 agonists | Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Levalbuterol, Pirbuterol, Terbutaline |
Long acting beta2 agonists | Salmeterol, Formoterol, Arformoterol |
Albuterol works how quickly? | 3-5 minutes |
Why use a SABA instead of a LABA for an asthma attack | You want your drug to work immediately so you don't die |
Side effects of B2 agonist | Tachycardia, increased glucose levels, hypokalemia, tremors, NO urinary incontinence |
Why do B2 agonists cause tachycardia? | Reflex due to vasodilation and the beta2 has some affinity for the beta1 receptors on the heart causing increased heart rate |
Why do B2 agonists cause hypokalemia | Skeletal muscles beta2 receptors causes cells to take in potassium |
Why do B2 agonists cause Tremors? | Beta2 receptors on skeletal muscles cause tremors |
Why doesn'y a B2 agonist cause urinary incontinence? | The beta2 receptors in the bladder are found on the detrusor muscle. A beta2 agonist will cause the detrusor to relax which will hold in urine |
Antcholinergics (muscarinic blockers)for Asthma | Ipratropium bromide (inhaled and short acting) |
What drug is given for actue exacerbation asthma if patient is not controlled well with SABA alone or cannot tolerate SABAists? | Iptratropium brominde (add onto SABA or as 2nd line treatment) |
Why does ipratropium have less side effects than atropine? | Ipratroprium is charges which prevents it from crossing membranes and is far less systemically absorbed than atropine |
Will SABA or Ipratropium stop inflammation in asthma? | No way! |
What is given to treat inflammation in asthma? | Oral systemic Corticosteroids to speed recovery and prevent recurrence |
Oral systemic corticosteroids | Prednisone, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone |
Prophylactic treatment for exercise induced asthma? | Albuterol 10-15 minutes before |
Best way to minimize steroid side effects with asthma? | Give via inhalation |
Persistent asthmatics must be given a | Corticosteroid |
Inhaled corticosteroids | Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Triamcinolone, Flunisolide, Budesonide, Ciclesonide, Mometason |
Will a corticosteroid dilate constricted airways in people with asthma or COPD | No, they are not bronchodilators. The only get rid of inflammation |
Inhaled Corticosteroids adverse effects | Oral candidaisis (steroids are immunosupressants), unpleasant taste, dysphonia, relfex cough and bronchospasm |
How can you reduce corticosteroid adverse effects | Use a spacer, Swish and spit, give a short acting beta2 agonist before to prevent bronchospasm |