Question | Answer |
Who were city-states prone to attack by? | nomads |
Why did Lugal-gals replace priests as rulers of the city-states? | they needed stronger military leaders |
Lugal-gals eventually would become kings if they won battles, what did kings rule over? | city-states |
What did more powerful city-states taking over other city-states lead to? | the creation of empires |
When was the time period that the Akkadian Empire existed? | 2300- 2100 BCE |
Which king was the first one to unite the city-states of Sumer into an empire? | Sargon of Akkad |
What time did the Akkadian Empire get started? | circa 2300 BCE |
Why was Sargon's empire unstable? | conquered city-states continued to fight for independence and Akkad was frequently invaded by rival warriors |
Where in Mesopotamia did the power shift after the Akkadian empire fell? | north, south, north, south |
To which groups of people did the fout power shifts go to after the Akkadian empire fell? | Assyrian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Babylonian |
Who ruled the first Assyrian empire? | Shamshi, Adad |
Who ruled the first Babylonian Empire? | Hammurabi |
Who ruled the New Assyrian empire? | Tiglath-Pilesar III |
Who ruled the Neo-Babylonian empire? | Nebuchadnezzar |
Who ruled the Persian empire? | Cyrus the Great |
What were Assyrians known for? | being ruthless warriors and killers |
What lands did the New Assyrian empire cover? | lands from the Persian Gulf to Egypt to present-day Turkey |
Why did the New Assyrian empire fall? | rebellions became difficult to control |
What's the other name of the Neo-Babylonian empire? | Chaldeon empire |
When did Nebuchadnezzar rule? | 605-562 BCE |
What were Neo-Babylonians known for being under Nebuchadnezzar's rule? | great traders and conquerors |
Why was Nebuchadnezzar able to gain control of the trade gateway of the Medditeranean Sea? | due to his conquests |
What was Babylonian Captivity? | when the Jews were sent to be slaves in Babylon |
Which god's temple did Nebuchadnezzar burm? | the Jewish god King Solomon |
What were some Neo-Babylonian achievements? | wealth from conquests, the Hanging Gardens, Astronomy |
Why did the Neo-Babylonian empire fall? | the empire had many enemies and Cyrus the Great conquered it |
When did Cyrus the Great capture the Neo-Babylonian empire? | 539 BCE |
Was Cyrus the Great a Persian ruler? | yes |
What did ending Babylonian Captivity do for Cyrus? | it won him the gratitude of the Jews |
Who ended Babylonian Captivity? | Cyrus the Great |
How long did Cyrus's vast Persian empire last? | the next 200 years |
Which civilizations was Assur the center of power for? | first Assyria and New Assyria |
Which empire exiled peole from their homes to prevent rebellion? | New Assyria |
Which civilization used governers, judges, and tax collectors? | first Babylonia |
Which civilization developed cuneiform? | Sumer |
Which empire did the Chaldeons and Medes join together to overthrow? | New Assyria |
Who were early city-states ruled by? | priests |
Which civilzation's city-states did priests rule? | Sumer |
Which civilization had a new oranized and unified set of laws set up? | first Babylonia |
Which empire(s) captured major cities? | New Assyria and Neo-Babylonia |
Which civilization invented writing by using pictographs? | Sumer |
Which civilizations was Babylon the center of power for? | first Babylonia and Neo-Babylonia |
Which early Mesopotamian civilizations was(were) in southern Mesopotamia? | Sumer, First Babylonia, Neo-Babylonia |
Which early Mesopotamian civilizations was in northern Mesopotamia | First Assyria and New Assyria |
Which year did 12 Great Sumerian city-states exist by? | 3000 BCE |
During which years did Hammurabi of Babylon rule? | 1792–1750 BCE |
When was the ziggurat at Ur constructed | 2600 BCE |
When did groups of hunters-gatherers settle along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and start farming? | 8500 BCE |
When were the Hanging Gardens of Babylon are constructed? | 600 BCE |
When did the Sumerians invent the wheel and the sailboat to help them transport goods? | 3500 BCE |
When did writers simplify pictographs into wedge-shaped cuneiform? | 2500 BCE (or c. 2400) |