Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Gene expression 2012
Key words for Gene expression topic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adenine | One of the four bases in a DNA molecule it bonds with Thymine in DNA or Uracil in RNA |
| Amino Acid | Group of twenty different molecules that are the subunits that join together make protein molecules |
| Chromatin | Mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during cell division. |
| Chromosome | long stringy aggregates of genes that carry heredity information |
| Complementary base pairs | A and T, C and G |
| Cytosine | One of the four bases in a DNA molecule it bonds with Guanine in DNA and RNA |
| Deoxyribose sugar | The five carbon sugar found in the DNA nucleotide |
| DNA | AKA Deoxyribose nucleic acid |
| Double helix | Shape adopted by the DNA molecule |
| Enzyme | A globular protein that catalyses a chemical reaction in living things |
| Gamete | Sperm or egg cell |
| Genetic Code | The sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins |
| Genome | All the genetic information in a organism. |
| Genotype | the specific allele makeup of the individual usually with reference to a specific character under consideration |
| Guanine | One of the four bases in a DNA molecule it bonds with Cytosine in DNA and RNA |
| Lock & key theory | an explanation of enzyme activity that posits an active site whose shape closely fits a substrate molecule |
| Meiosis | Cell division to produce gametes for sexual reproduction |
| Mitosis | Cell division for growth and repair |
| Monomer | general term for the single unit(s) that join together to produce polymers like DNA or Proteins |
| Mutation | A change to the base sequence in the DNA molecule of a gene |
| Nucleic Acid | DNA and mRNA and tRNA are examples of this group of molecules |
| Nucleotide | the monomers that make up nucleic acids |
| Phenotype | the physical expression or appearance of a trait in an organism |
| Phosphate | DNA nucleotides have a base a deoxyribose sugar and one of these |
| Polymer | Large molecule made of many repeated subunits |
| Protein | Large molecules made of many amino acids joined together |
| Semi-conservative | Refers to the fact that during DNA replication the newly formed molecules each have one strand from the original DNA molecule |
| Somatic | another word for diploid body cells |
| Thymine | One of the four bases in a DNA molecule it bonds with Adenine in DNA and RNA |
| Anticodon | A set of three bases on a tRNA molecules |
| Antiparallel | Describes the directionality of the two strands in a DNA double helix |
| Beneficial mutation | a change to the DNA in a gene that results in the organism gaining an improved phenotype |
| Catalyst | A substance that helps a chemical reaction occur more readily |
| Cell cycle | the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication |
| Codon | a set of three bases on a mRNA molecule |
| Codon dictionary | a table that shows the amino-acids that correspond to mRNA codons |
| Degenerate Code | this results because there are more possible codons than amino acids. |
| Deletion mutation | type of mutation where some bases are removed from the DNA |
| Detrimental mutation | a change to the DNA in a gene that results in the organism gaining an unfavourable phenotype |
| Induced mutation | a type of mutation caused by mutagens |
| Frameshift mutation | a change to a DNA molecule where additional bases are added into a DNA sequence causing a change to the subsequent triplet order |
| Gametic mutation | type of mutation that can be passed on to offspring |
| Gene (point) mutation | Type of mutation that only affects a single polypeptide or protein product |
| Insertion mutation | change to the sequence of DNA where another base is added into a gene it could cause a frameshift |
| Metabolic pathway | series of chemical reactions to produce a product each step of which is controlled by a specific enzyme |
| Metabolic product | chemical produced by a reaction or series of enzyme controlled reactions in a cell |
| Metabolic substrate | chemical substance that is used in cells to produce useful products after a reaction or series of reactions |
| Metabolism | the total chemical reactions occurring in a living cell or organism |
| mRNA | type of RNA that transcribes the DNA code at takes it to the ribosome for protein synthesis |
| Mutagen | a substance that can cause a mutation |
| Neutral mutation | A change to the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that has no effect on the resulting phenotype |
| Polypeptide chain | a series of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds that may or may not be a functioning protein |
| Protein synthesis | the process of transcribing DNA and translating the code into a polymer of amino acids |
| Redundant codons | are sets of three bases that although different will still code for the same amino acids |
| Ribose sugar | the type of sugar found in an RNA molecule |
| RNA | AKA ribonucleic acid |
| Somatic mutation | mutation that will not be passed on to the offspring but could harm the individual |
| Specificity | the state of being specific rather than general. |
| Spontaneous mutation | type of mutation that just happens often due to molecular decay |
| Structural protein | a protein that is used to build structures in the cell or tissue |
| Substitution mutation | change to a DNA sequence where on base is replaced by a different base |
| Template | strand that is copied by the mRNA during protein synthesis |
| Transcription | stage in protein synthesis where mRNA is assembled to complement the triplets on the DNA molecule |
| Translation | stage in protein synthesis where amino acids are joined into chains according to the codons present on the mRNA |
| Triplet | sequence of three consecutive bases in a DNA molecule |
| tRNA | type of RNA that translates codons into amino acid chains during protein synthesis |
| Uracil | a nitrogenous base found in RNA that bonds to Adenine |
Created by:
richardedwable
Popular Biology sets