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HHS Endocrine System
Medical Word Elements & Abbreviations
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Antagonistic | Acting in opposition; mutually opposing |
electrolytes | mineral salts (sodium, potassium, and calcium) that carry an electrical charge in solution |
Glucagon | Hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that increases the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose |
Glucose | Simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion |
Homeostasis | Relative constancy or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes |
hormones | Chemical substances produced by specialized cells of the body that are released slowly in minute amounts directly into the bloodstream |
Insulin | Hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that acts to remove sugar (glucose) from the blood by promoting its storage in tissues as carbohydrates (glycogen) |
Sympathomimetic | Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system |
Target | Structure, organ, or tissue to which something is directed |
ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: promotes secretion of hormones by adrenal cortex |
FSH | Follicle-stimulating Hormone: women- stimulates egg production; increases secretion of estrogen, men- stimulates sperm production |
GH | Growth Hormone: bone, cartilage, liver, muscle, and other tissue growth; increases use of fats for energy |
LH | Luteinizing Hormone: women- promotes ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone men- promotes secretion of testosterone |
Prolactin | Promotes lactation |
TSH | Thyroid-stimulating hormone: stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone |
ADH | Antidiuretic Hormone: Kidney- increases water re-absorption |
Oxytocin | uterus- stimulates uterine contractions breast- promotes milk secretion from the mammary glands |
calcitonin | regulates calcium levels in the blood in conjunction with parathyroid hormone, secreted when calcium levels in the blood are high |
T4 & T3 | Thyroxine - increases energy production from all food types Triiodothyronine - increases rate of protein synthesis |
PTH | Parathyroid Hormone: Bones- increases the re-absorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood Kidneys- increases calcium absorption and phosphate excretion small intestine- increases absorption of calcium and phosphate |
Cortisol | promote gluconeogenesis: regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, helps depress inflammatory and immune responses |
Aldosterone | Kidneys- increase blood levels of sodium and decrease blood levels of potassium in the kidneys |
Epinephrine | targets sympathetic nervous system mimics its activities- increase metabolic rate and heart rate and raise blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction |
Glucagon | raises blood glucose levels |
Insulin | lowers blood glucose levels |
adren/o, adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
calc/o | calcium |
crin/o | secrete |
gluc/o, glyc/o, glycos/o | sugar, sweetness |
home/o | same, alike |
kal/i | potassium |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
Thym/o | thymus gland |
thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
toxic/o | poison |
-crine | secrete |
-dipsia | thirst |
-gen | forming, producing, origin |
-toxic | poison |
-uria | urine |
eu- | good, normal |
exo- | outside, outward |
hyper- | excessive, above normal |
hypo- | under, below |
poly- | many, much |