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Biology Ch. 8-Lytle
Lytle Biology Chapter 8 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities |
| aerobic process | A metabolic process that requires oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | Metabolic process in which pyruvate is broken down and electron-carrier molecules are used to produce ATP through electron transport |
| anaerobic process | Metabolic process that does not require oxygen |
| Calvin cycle | Light-dependent reactions during phase 2 of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules as glucose |
| cellular respiration | Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell |
| energy | Ability to do work; energy cannot be created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction, only transformed |
| fermentation | Process by which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing cells to maintain glycolysis in the absence of oxygen. It is a form of anaerobic respiration. |
| glycolysis | Anaerobic process; first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate |
| granum | 1 of the stacks of pigment-containing thylakoids in a plant’s chloroplasts |
| Krebs cycle | Series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide inside the mitochondria of cells; also called the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the citric acid cycle |
| metabolism | All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| NADP+ | In photosynthesis, the major election carrier involved in electron transport |
| photosynthesis | Two-phase anabolic pathway in which the Sun’s light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell |
| pigment | Light-absorbing colored molecule, such as chlorophyll and carotenoid, in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts |
| stroma | Fluid-filled space outside the grana in which light-dependent reactions take place |
| thermodynamics | Study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe |
| thylakoid | In chloroplasts, one of the stacked, flattened, pigment-containing membranes in which light dependent reactions occur |
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jdlytle
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