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10 Respiration AJHS
Respiration@ AJHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorb | To take in, e.g. when soluble substances pass through the wall of the small intestine and into the blood. |
| aerobic respiration | Process that releases energy from digested food. Needs oxygen from the air. Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste gas. |
| aerobic respiration | Process that uses up oxygen to release energy from food. Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste gas. |
| air sacs | Groups of alveoli in the lungs where oxygen comes out of the air and goes into the blood. Carbon dioxide is also transferred from the blood to the air in these. |
| alveolus | Small, round pocket that is grouped with other alveoli to form air sacs in the lungs. Plural = alveoli. |
| artery | Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. |
| blood | Contains cells and a liquid called plasma. It flows around the body carrying various substances which are either made by the body or needed by the body. |
| breathing | Moving muscles in order to make air flow into and out of the lungs. |
| breathing system | Set of organs (lungs, windpipe, diaphragm) that allow air to be taken into and out of the body. |
| bronchus | Tube in the lungs that connects the windpipe to the air sacs. Plural = bronchi. |
| capillaries | The smallest blood vessels. Substances enter and leave the blood through the thin walls of capillaries. |
| chamber | The heart contains four compartments called chambers. |
| cilated epithelial cell | Cells with cilia that are found in the lungs. |
| cilia | Small hairs on the surface of some cells. |
| circulatory system | System containing the heart and blood vessels. |
| diffusion | The natural movement of particles from a place where there are a lot of them to a place where there are fewer of them. |
| digestive system | The group of organs that carry out digestion. |
| exhale | To breathe out. |
| exhaled air | Air that is breathed out. |
| gas exchange | Taking oxygen into the blood and getting rid of carbon dioxide into the lungs. Happens in the air sacs in the lungs. |
| gill | A series of flaps of tissue with a good blood supply just behind the head of an organism which is used to take oxygen out of water. Fish have gills. |
| glucose | A type of sugar. |
| heart | Organ that pumps blood around the body. |
| hydrogencarbonate | An indicator that can be used to show how much carbon dioxide there is in |
| indicator | something. |
| inhale | To breathe in. |
| inhaled air | Air that is breathed in. |
| mucus | Slimy substance which traps dirt and microbes and is moved out of the lungs by cilia. |
| plasma | Part of the blood. A liquid that surrounds the blood cells. |
| product | New chemical formed in a chemical reaction. |
| pulse | The feel of your blood being pumped. |
| pulse rate | The number of times you can feel your blood being pumped in one minute. |
| reactant | Chemical that is used up in a chemical reaction. |
| red blood cells | Cells in the blood that carry oxygen. |
| respiration | Process that uses up oxygen to release energy from food. Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste gas. |
| respiratory system | System containing the lungs, bronchi and trachea. |
| tissue fluid | The liquid formed when plasma leaks out of capillaries, carrying oxygen and digested food to cells. |
| trachea | Windpipe. |
| vein | Blood vessel that carries blood to the heart. |
| ventilation | Air moving into and out of the lungs. |
| word equation | A way of writing out what happens in a chemical reaction. |
| Conducting portion functions | humidification and temperature regulation (conditioning the air) • filtration and removal of particles • antibacterial and immunologic defense • the sense of smell (via specialised olfactory epithelium) • the production of sound (voice) |
| Goblet cells | make mucus |
| goblet cells found | Trachea Bronchus Tertiary bronchus Bronchiole |
| conducting portion | conducts portions like the production of sound, the scence of smell e.t.c |
| breathing portion | breathing portions like nasal cavity. e.t.c |
| Inspiration | diaphragm contracts, flattens downwards external intercostal muscles contract,pulling ribs up and out increasing the volume of thorax |
| inspiration 2 | increasing lung,alveoli volume decreases the pressure of air in the alveoli below atmospheric air flows in to equalise the pressure |
| Alveolae structure | 2 thin cells between lung air and blood: 1 alveolar and 1 endothelial [inside skin] cell. |
| alveolar pores | small openings in the wall (alveolar septum) between adjacent alveoli; |
| Basil membrane | a thin cellular covering separated from the endothelium of capillaries. |
| Type I alveolar cells- creates the air sac | squamous [able to be flattened] pulmonary epithelial [outside of alveoli] cells; function is lining cells of alveoli and becoming Type II pneumocytes. |
| Type II alveolar cells | secretes surfactant and absorbs sodium and water, rounded great alveolar cells. Function: Type II pneumocytes secrete pulmonary surfactant (rich in phospholipids). |
| Fibroblast | structural component of alveoli made of cologne and “fibre”. Holds alveoli open. |
| Red blood cell | biconcave bag with no nucleus and full of haemoglobin to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| Monocyte | immune system blood cell that can form other fighting white blood cells. |
| Alveolar phagocytes | lung macrophages. Originate from blood borne monocytes; Function in the removal of cell debris and foreign material (e.g. dust) from the lung. |
Created by:
johncl
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