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8D Ecology @ AJHS

Ecological words and phrases

QuestionAnswer
adaptation The features of an organism that allow it to live in its environment.
adapted When the features of an organism help it to survive in a habitat, it is adapted to that habitat.
amphibian Vertebrate with moist skin, e.g. frog.
animal kingdom The group of organisms that contains all vertebrates and invertebrates.
arthropod Invertebrate that has jointed legs, e.g. fly, spider.
bird Vertebrate with feathers, e.g. eagle.
chemical energy The kind of energy stored in chemicals. Food, fuels and electrical cells all contain chemical energy.
classification Sorting things into groups.
community All the plants and animals that live in a habitat.
compete All organisms need some of the same things and so each organism has to try to get these things before another organism does. For example, plants compete with one another for light.
competition Organisms compete with each other for food, light and space in a habitat.
cone Something used to carry the seeds of conifers.
conifer Plant with needle-shaped leaves. Reproduces using seeds found in cones.
consumer An organism that has to eat other organisms to stay alive. Animals are consumers.
cuticle Layer of cells on leaves that is waterproof.
distribution The places where an organism can be found in a habitat.
echinoderm Invertebrate that has a body in five parts, e.g. starfish.
ecologist A person who studies the environment.
endangered A species which is at risk from becoming extinct.
environment The conditions around an organism caused by physical environmental factors.
estimate Provide a rough idea about the numbers of something or the size of something.
exoskeleton Thick outer covering found in arthropods.
extinct A species that no longer exists.
fern Plant that has many small waterproof leaves. Reproduces using spores.
fish Vertebrate with wet scales, e.g. salmon.
flowering plant Plant with large, flat leaves. Reproduces using seeds found in fruits. Fruits and seeds form inside flowers.
food web Many food chains linked together.
fruit Something used to carry the seeds of flowering plants. Can be fleshy or dry.
habitat The place an organism lives in. e.g. woodland.
How do plants take in nitrogen? As nitrates, from the soil.
How is carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere? By plants in the process of photosynthesis.
humidity The amount of water vapour in the air.
invertebrate Animal without a backbone.
mammal Vertebrate with hair and produces milk, e.g. human.
mollusc Invertebrate that crawls on a fleshy pad, e.g. snail.
moss Plant with many thin leaves but without roots and xylem. Reproduces using spores.
Name two things that plants compete for. Water and sunlight.
persistent chemical A chemical that does not get broken down in nature very quickly. It stays around for a long time.
pesticide Chemical that kills pests.
pests Organism that damages crops.
photosynthesis Process that plants use to make their own food. It needs light to work. Carbon dioxide and water are the reactants. Food (a sugar called glucose) and oxygen are the products.
physical environmental factors The non-living conditions in the environment of an organism, e.g. temperature, light.
pitfall trap Sampling method used to collect small animals that live on the ground.
plant kingdom Group of organisms that are able to produce their own food and have specialised cells.
pond dipping Sampling method used to collect organisms from ponds
pooter A small container connected to two tubes. Used to catch tiny animals.
population Total number of individuals of the same species in a habitat.
predator An animal that catches and eats other animals.
prey An animal that is caught and eaten by another animal.
primary consumer The first animal in a food chain.
producer An organism that is able to make its own food.
pyramid of numbers Way of showing the numbers of different organisms in a food chain.
quadrat A square frame, thrown randomly on the ground, which is used to sample the plants in an area.
reptile Vertebrate with dry scales, e.g. snake.
root Plant organ used to take water out of the soil.
sample A small part of something. If you sample something you take a small part of it. You use your results from the small part to suggest what the rest of it is like.
secondary consumer The second animal in a food chain.
seeds Grow into new plants. Made by conifers and flowering plants.
spore Very small part of a plant that can grow into a new plant. Made by mosses and ferns.
sweepnet Sampling method used to collect small animals from long grass.
tertiary consumer The third animal in a food chain.
top predator The last animal in a food chain.
toxic Another word for poisonous.
tree beating Sampling method used to collect animals from trees and bushes.
Tullgren funnel Sampling method used to collect small animals from samples of, for example, leaves.
uneven distribution When a plant or animal is not found all over a habitat, only in certain places where the habitat is suitable.
vertebrate Animal with a backbone.
What can be caused by excess fertilisers in lakes and rivers? Eutrophication.
What conditions do decomposers need? Warm and moist.
What could happen if the Earth’s temperature increases? A rise in sea level and a change in the climate.
What do nitrifying bacteria do? They convert ammonium compounds to nitrates.
What do we call an organism that catches and kills prey? A predator.
What do we call organisms that live on dead plants and animals and waste material? Decomposers.
What does a food chain show? The transfer of energy through an ecosystem.
What does a pyramid of biomass show? The mass of living organisms at each trophic level.
What is a herbicide? A chemical that kills plants.
What is a producer? An organism that can make its own food.
What is an ecosystem? A group of living things and their environment.
What is an omnivore? An organism that eats plants and animals.
What word do we use to describe the number of organisms of one species in a habitat? Population.
Which gases cause acid rain? Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
Which gases enhance the greenhouse effect? Carbon dioxide and methane.
Why has the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere increased? Due to deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels.
Why is so much energy lost at each level of a food chain? Because it is used in respiration or lost as waste.
xylem vessel Transports water through a plant.
Created by: johncl
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