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Biology Ch. 6-Lytle

Lytle Biology Chapter 6 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
acid substance that releases hydrogen ions(H+) when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7
activation energy minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction
amino acid carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins
atom building block of matter; contains subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, and electrons
base substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-)when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7
buffer a mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range
carbohydrate organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two atoms for each carbon atom
catalyst substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy
chemical reaction energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances.
compound pure substance with unique properties; formed when two or more different elements combine
covalent bond type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons
electron negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus
element pure substance composed of only one type of atom;cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means
enzyme protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction
hydrogen bond weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen fluorine or nitrogen atom
ion atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons
ionic bond electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms
isotope two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons
lipid hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen;fats, oils,and waxes are lipids
macromolecule large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
mixture combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics;can have a uniform composition(homogeneous)or have distinct areas of substances(heterogeneous)
molecule compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds.
neutron particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus
nucleic acid complex macromolecule that sores and communicates genetic information
nucleus center of an atom;contains neutrons and protons.in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA
nucleotide a subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
pH measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solutions
polar molecule molecule with oppositely charged regions
polymer large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds
product substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation
protein organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds;primary building block of organisms
proton positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus
reactant substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation
solute substance disolved in a solvent
solution homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent)
solvent substance in which another substance is dissolved
substrate reactant to which an enzyme binds
van der Waals force attraction forces between molecules
Created by: jdlytle
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