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Biology Ch. 7-Lytle
Lytle Biology Chapter 7 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active transport | energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient (from an area with a low concentration to an area with a high concentration) |
| cell | basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms |
| cell theory | states that 1) organisms are made of one or more cells; 2) cells are the basic unit of life; and 3) all cells come only from other cells |
| diffusion | net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (with the concentration gradient) |
| endocytosis | energy-requiring process by which large substances from the outside environment can enter a cell |
| eukaryotic cell | cell with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cell |
| eukaryote | organism whose body consists of eukaryotic cells |
| exocytosis | energy-requiring process by which a cell expels wastes and secretes substances at the plasma membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | passive transport (does not require energy) of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins |
| fluid mosaic model | a plasma membrane with components constantly in motion, sliding past one another within the lipid bilayer |
| hypertonic solution | a solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis |
| hypotonic solution | a solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis |
| isotonic solution | a solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water |
| organelle | specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| phospholipid bilayer | plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside |
| plasma membrane | flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell |
| prokaryotic cell | microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
| prokaryote | an organism, usually unicellular, whose body consists of prokaryotic cells |
| selective permeability | property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substances into or out of the cell; also called semi-permeability |
| transport protein | protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane |
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jdlytle
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