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Mr. Wills ML 7.3+4
Mr. Wills ML7.3+4
| Term/Question | Definition/Answer |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | ability to maintain a stable environment inside a cell/organism despite changes to the outside environment. |
| Phospholipids | molecule that makes up the cell membrane consisting of a phosphorus head and two lipid tails. Be able to label a drawing. |
| Lipid bilayer | basic make up of all cell membranes. Contains two layers of phospholipids with the polar heads facing into and out of the cell. |
| Polar | a molecule with a partial charge. Hydrophilic. Cannot pass directly through lipid bilayers. |
| Non-polar | molecules with no charge such as lipids. Hydrophobic. The lipid tails of the phospholipids are examples. |
| What are the four membrane proteins | cell surface markers, enzymes, receptor proteins, transport proteins |
| Cell Surface Markers | proteins in the cell membrane that has a carbohydrate chain attached to it. The carbohydrate cells identify what type of cell it is. Also called glycoproteins |
| Receptor proteins | proteins responsible for sensing the environment. When a signal binds to a receptor protein it causes changes within the cell. |
| Enzymes | speed up required chemical reactions in the cell by breaking down or putting together molecules. |
| Transport proteins | help materials(polar, charged, too large) move into and out of the cell. |
| What are the two types of carrier proteins | carrier and channel proteins |
| What is the role of the cell membrane? | to maintain homeostasis by controlling the movement of material into and out of the cell |
| What substance can pass directly through the lipid bilayer? | small non-polar substances ex. O2, CO2, Amino acids, small lipids |
| Passive transport | any movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration that does not require the use of energy/ATP |
| Equilibrium | when particles have an equal concentration inside and outside of a semi-permeable membrane |
| Semi-permeable membrane | a membrane that allows only certain particles through |
| Concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of molecules over a distance determines how particles move into and out of a cell |
| Simple diffusion | type of passive transport in which particle move from high concentration to low concentration (down hill) with out using a transport protein or energy |
| Facilitated diffusion | movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration (down hill) using a channel or a carrier protein. No energy is used. |
| Channel protein | type of transport protein that allows polar molecules and ions to enter a cell down the conc. gradient |
| Carrier proteins | transport proteins that change shape to move materials into and out of the cell may or may not require energy. |
| Osmosis | the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high concentration to low |
| Hypertonic solution | more dissolved materials outside the cell, causes cell to shrink as water leaves the cell. |
| Hypotonic solution | less dissolved materials outside the cell, causes cell to swell/burst as water moves into the cell by osmosis |
| Isotonic solution | same amount of solutes inside and outside the cell, cell stays same shape |
| Active transport | type of transport that moves material from areas of low concentration to high using energy/ATP. |
| Contractile vacuole | type of organelle that uses active transport to pump out water in single celled creatures to get rid of excess water entering the cell by osmosis |
| Membrane pump | carrier protein that pumps particle from areas of low conc. to high |
| Sodium/Potassium pump | type of passive transport that pumps sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell |
| Endocytosis | process of moving materials into the cell by pinching the larger materials into a vesicle inside the cell. |
| Exocytosis | process of removing wastes and cell product from the cell eliminate a vesicle out of the cell. |
| Phagocytosis | process of cells devouring bacteria or damaged cells for the purpose of recycling their parts. |
| Lysosomes | type of vesicle containing digestive enzymes that break down parts of the cell |
| Vesicles | organelles used for the transportation and storage of cellular wastes and products |
| What is the difference between passive and active transport? | passive transport goes from high conc to low and never requires energy. Active transport particles go from low concentration to high and requires energy. |
| What are two examples of passive transport? | Water through a channel protein. Dye spreading out in water. |
| What are two examples of active transport? | Sodium-Potassium pump. Contractile vacuoles ejecting water from Paramecium. Endo and Exocytosis also are examples. |
| Signal molecule | molecule that binds to a receptor protein that causes changes within the cell |
| Receptor protein | protein in the cell membrane that has a specific shape to receive a specific signal causing the cell to respond |
| Secondary messenger | molecule that is released to cause changes to the cytoplasm and or the nucleus after receiving an outside signal |
| Signal cell | sends message/signal |
| Target cell | receives message/signal |
| Binding site | location on receptor protein that receives a signal |
| Environmental signal | signal from outside an organism that causes changes within. Ex. Light, CO2, Temperature |
| What are the three type of changes a signal could cause? | change in permeability, enzyme activation, second messenger release |
| homeostasis | ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes to the external environment |
| unicellular | an organism in which each cell is independent and can survive with out the help of other cells |
| multicellular | organisms that have specialized cells that help the organism survive. The cells on their own cannot survive. |
| specialized cells | cells that perform a specific function, like muscle cells, nerve cells, etc. |
| cellular junction | structure that holds cells together and or helps the cells to communicate |
| levels of organization | cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism. |
| solute | substance dissolved in solution |
| solvent | substance solute is dissolved in often water |
| aquaporin | a channel protein specific to water |
Created by:
mrwillsshs
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