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Psychology midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A young child has learned to associate the sight of a nurse's white uniform with the fear and pain of injection. If child reacts to jacket what has occurred? | Stimulus generalization |
| __ was the author of a landmark article entitled "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it" | John B. Watson |
| Friend Madison became ill a few hours after eating the fried chiken. Now madison feels queasy when she smells fried chicken. You explain that... | Madison has experienced a learned taste aversion, which can occur after only one pairing of food and illness. |
| Psychologists formally define learning as: | A process that produces a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge as a result of past experience. |
| Designed a program that teaches children how to feed themselves, brush their teeth, and forth using shaping and reinforcement. This is an example of.... | Behavior modification |
| Monkeys are capable of learning a cognitive rule for ordering lists of photographs simply from watching another monkey, this is an example of .. | Observational learning |
| The famous Bobo doll research was conducted by __ and showed the power of ____ | Albert Bandura;Observational learning |
| Studied helplessness in dogs and humans. Investigated why some people succumb to learned helplessness while others persist in the face of obstacles | Martin Seligman |
| Punishment is most effective if : | it consistently follows the operant |
| An operant can be defined as : | A voluntary action |
| Essentially, classical conditioning is a process of : | Learning an association between two stimuli. |
| Process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses is called : | Conditioning |
| Adam looked up the oil filter number in parts catalog. He mentally repeated the number PF3807A, as he searched the shelves. Adam was using _ to keep the info in his sort-term memory | Maintenance rehearsal |
| Implicit memory is to __ as explicit memory is to ___ | Procedural information; Episodic and semantic information |
| Janette knew name of religious group, but could not think of the name of the group. This is an example of : | A tip-of-the-tongue experience |
| Recital is next Saturday- Candy reminded student. Start practicing with middle third of piece until you got it down perfectly. Candy is trying to help student counteract __ memory tendency. | The serial position effect |
| Mike began studying for his exam the night before test, reading his textbook chapter for first time. Ebbinghaus would predict that: | Mike would rapidly forget most of the material that he read. |
| Jenna loses her car. The van driver reassured her "this happens all the time when peoplr are rushing to catch plane and dont pay attention to row signs. This is an everday example of ___ due to ___ | Absentmindedness ; encoding failure |
| H.M,s ability to generate names who became famoud after his surgery, he retained a limited ability to form new ___ memories | Semantic |
| When the patient known for years as H.M. was a young man, doctors surgically removed his ____ in an attempt to treat his epileptic seizures. | Hippocampus |
| To understand how neurons change in response of new memory, researchers have extensively studied : | The sea snail Aplysia |
| The "misinformation effect" refers to : | A phenomenon in which existing memories are distorted by exposing people to misleading information. |
| According to ___ theory, we forget memories because we don't use them and they simply fade away over time as a matter of normal brain processes. | Decay |
| One effective method to enhance long-term retention is to : | Repeatedly test yourself for recall of the information |
| Much of your self is derived from memories of your unique life experiences. These kind of memories are referred to as ___memories | Autobiographical |
| Joesph trying to pick new couch for living room. He looks at furniture and tries to visualize how it would look in his house. He is using __ to help him determine which to buy. | Mental imagery |
| Formal concept is to __ as natural concept is to ___ | Defining rules and features; everyday experience |
| Syntax is to __ as generative is to __ | Rules for combining words ; displacement |
| Eight-year old Terry's performance on an intelligence test is at a level characteristic of an average 5 year old. Terry's mental age is : | 5 |
| In order to find out if reasoning test is good, teacher compares scores on her test with scores and grades of college students. Dr.Marshall is in the process of : | Establishing the test's validity |
| Statement best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence? | "There are multiple independent intelligences, and each must be defined within the context of a particular culture" |
| Being motivated by a challenge and a prrsonal sense of satisfaction is to __ as being motivated by rewards such as money, grades,or fame is to __ | Intrinsic motivation ; extrinsic motivation |
| How we use our cognitive abilities and ccumulated knowledge to think, solve problems, and use language are all key dumensions of : | Intelligence |
| A natural concept is : | A mental category that is formed as the result of everyday experience. |
| Functional fixedness is defined as: | The tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual or customary way. |
| Language is a highly structured system that follows specific rules for combining words. These rules are referred to as the ___ of a language. | Syntax |
| ____developed the first systematic intelligence test. | Alfred Binet |
| On Wecgsler's WAIS intelligence test, the ___ is calculated by comparing an individual's overall score to the scores of others in the same age group whose average score was fixed at 100 | Overall, global IQ |
| It is an i nate characteristic of Canada geese to fly soth in the winter, this behavior is an example of : | An instinct |
| After jim starts his jog, he perspires heavily. His body's tendency to maintain a steady temp through the cooling action of sweating is a function of : | Homeostasis |
| Taylor is highly motivated to maintain a high grade point average because her goal is to pursue studies at the graduate level. Taylors motivation is best explained by : | Incentive theories |
| The need to feel that your activities are self-chosen and self-endorsed defines ______, which is a fundamental motive in ______. | Autonomy ; self-determination theory |
| The attribution of human traits,motives,or behaviors to nonhuman animals or inanimate objects is called: | Anthropomorphism |
| Theories of emotion differ in terms for which components of emotion they empathize. Which of the following is NOT one of those components? | Genetic predispositions |
| The hormone _____, more commonly known as adrenaline, activates the sympatgetic nervous system. | Epinephrine |
| The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by : | Schacgter and Singer |
| The motivation to eat is influenced by : | Psychological, Biological, Social and cultural factors |
| Research has shown that adults who sleep only five hours per night are 50 percent more likely to : | Be obese |
| Neurotransmitter involved in producing reinforcing feelings of pleasure and satisfaction that may contribute to obesity? | Dopamine |
Created by:
Psychology 1462