| Question | Answer |
| Which leukocyte is impaired in Job's syndrome? | neutrophils, abnl chemotaxis, hyper IgE |
| What type of leukocytosis does Addison's disease result in? | eosinophilia; no sequestration of eosinophils in the lymph nodes |
| What is the definition of RBC count? | ratio of RBC mass to plasma volume |
| When does absolute polycythemia occur? | hypoxic stimulus for EPO release (so SaO2 is decr) |
| What is the best initial test for polycythemia vera? | decr EPO |
| What are the characteristics of myelodysplastic syndromes? | cytopenias and hypercellular marrow; <20% myeloblasts, if more it has progressed to AML |
| What is the pathogenesis of Adult T-cell leukemia? | HTLV-1 activates TAX gene which (-) TP53 suppressor gene; (-)TdT markers |
| What is the tx of CLL? | chlorambucil; nitrogen mustard alkylating agent |
| What do the medullary sinuses of lymph nodes contain? | reticular cells and macrophages; communicated w/ efferent lymphatics |
| What are the clinical findings of Letterer-Siwe disease? | diffuse eczematous rash, multiple organ invovlement, lytic lesions in the skull, pelvis, long bones |
| What are the clinical findings of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease? | fever, localized rash on scalp, ear canals; lytic lesion in skull, diabetes insipidus, exopthalmos |
| What are some clinical findings in Waldesnstrom's macroglobulinemia that are not found in MM? | IgM M spike (IgG in MM), generalized lymphadenopathy, NO lytic lesions |
| Describe the gross and microscopic findings of the spleen in portal HTN. | perisplenitis creates thickened capsule; micro: Ca and Fe concretions present in collagen (Gamna-Gandy bodies) |
| What defensive protein produced by S. aureus impairs opsonization? | protein A; found on cell wall, binds to Fc portion of IgG and prevents activation of complement |
| What bacterial factor is synthesized by some E.coli to allow bacteria to survive hematogenous spread and to establish meningeal infection? | k-1 capsule Ag |
| What growth factor does C. diptheriae grown on? | Cysteine-Tellurite agar |
| What bacteria demonstrate incr toxin synthesis due to an environmental trigger? | Antrhax - war to 37 C w/ CO2 and protein; Tetanus - anareobic environments |
| Which RNA virus families are (-) sense? | DBOPRAF= delta, bunya, ortho, paramyxo, reo, arena, filo |
| Techoic acid induces TNF and IL1 in gram (+) organisms; what is the similar structure in gram (-)? | Lipid A found in outer membrane |
| What is found in the periplasmic space of gram (-) organisms? | beta-lactamases |
| What is the chemical composition of spores? | keratin-like coat, dipicolinic acid |
| What is giemsa stain used for? | Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, Chlamydia |
| What media is C. diptheriae grown on? | Tellurite plate, Loffler's media |
| Why are Clostridium, Baceroides, and Actinomyces species obligate anaerobes? | lack catalse and/or SOD and are susceptible to oxidative damage |
| Which Abx are ineffective against anaerobes? | aminoglycosides (require O2 to enter bacterial cell) |
| What are the facultative intracellular bugs? | Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisela, Legionella |
| What is function of Protein A of S. aureus? | Binds Fc region of Ig and prevents opsonization |
| What destroys exotoxins? | 60 C (except staphylococcal enterotoxin) |
| What is the heat stability of endotoxin? | stable at 100 C for 1 hr |
| What do superantigens stimulate the release of? | IFNgamma and IL2 |
| What two toxins inactivate EF2 via ADP-ribosylation? | C.diptheriae and Pseudomonas exotoxin A |
| What toxin does S. pyogenes produce? | streptolysin O - hemolysin |
| What is the function of the toxin that causes whooping cough? | incr cAMP by inhibiting the Gi subunit |
| Which toxins ADP-ribosylate to permanently incr cAMP? | cholera, pertussis, E. coli |
| How does pertussis causes lymphocytosis? | inhibit chemokine receptors |
| When do bacteria produce spores? | stationary phase (nutrient depletion) |
| The ability to take up free DNA from the environment allows strains of strep pneumo to share what virulence factor? | IgA protease |
| What is the term for a cell that has incorporated F+ plasmid into their bacterial chromosomal DNA? | Hfr cell |
| What bacterial toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage? | Shiga-like toxin, botulinum, cholera, diptheria, erythrogenic toxin of s. pyogenes |
| What organism causes endocarditis after GU procedures? | E. faecalis (grows in bile, 6.5% NaCl) |
| What causes MRSA? | altered transpeptidases (PBPs) |
| What does diptheria look like on gram staining? | gram (+) rods w/ metachromatic (blue and red) granules |
| What encodes diptheria toxin? | beta-prophage |
| What is the anthrax toxin? | edema factor (bacterial adenylate cyclase) |
| What is the only gram (+) bacteria with endotoxin? | listeria |
| What are the toxic effects of long-term dapsone treatment? | hemolysis, methemoglobinemia |
| Which organisms form pink colonies on MacConkey's agar? | Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter (FAST) and Citrobacter and Serratia (SLOW) |
| Which non-lactose fermenting organisms are oxidase (-)? | Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus |
| What does Legionella grow on? | charcoal yeast extract cultured w/ iron and cysteine |
| Psuedomonas aeruginosa | non-lactose fermenting, oxidase (+), gram (-) rod |
| What bacteria invades perivascularly around arteries and veins and releases exotoxins forming black lesions? | Psuedomonas (erythema gangrenosum) |
| How does Shigella propel itself through a cell? | actin polymerization |
| What is Weil's disease? | AKA icterohemorrhage leptospirosis - fever, hemorrhage, anemia, jaundice, azotemia, HA abdominal pain, photophobia with conjuctivitis |
| What two factors do Rickettsiae need that make them obligate intracellular organisms? | CoA and NAD+ |
| Describe the Weil-Felix Reaction. | pt (with Rickettsial Ab) serum is mixed w/ Proteus Ag, antirickettsial Ab cross-react and agglutinate |
| What is different about the Chlamydial cell wall? | lacks muramic acid |
| How does the Chlamydial reticulate bodies replicate in the cell? | binary fission |
| In what disease do you have a positive Frei test? | lymphogranuloma venereum (acute lymphadenitis) |
| What is diagnostic for Candida albicans infection? | germ tube formation at 37C |
| What fungal infection shows mold w/ septate hyphae that branch at 45 angles? | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| What fungal infections shows mold w/ nonseptate hyphae that branch at wide angles? | mucomycosis |
| What fungal infection presents with cigar-shaped unequal budding yeast visible in pus? | Sporotrichosis |
| What is the triad of congenital toxoplasmosis? | chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications |
| How is cryptosporidosis dx? | cysts on acid-fast stain in stool |
| How is giardiasis dx? | pear-shaped trophozoite or cyst w/ 2 nuclei in stool |
| What is the treatment for African Sleeping Sickness? | Suramin for bloodborne disease; Melarsoprol for CNS penetration |
| What is the treatment for Chaga's disease? | Nifurtimox |
| How is Leishmaniasis dx? | macrophages containing "amastigotes" (lacks flagella) |
| What is the tx of Leishmaniasis? | sodium stibogluconate |
| What are some characteristics of Babesiosis? | blood smear, no RBC pigment, appears as "Maltese cross"; fever and hemolytic anemia |
| What type of disease does onchocerca volvus cause? | hyperpigmented skin and river blindness, allergic rxn to microfiliaria; tx w/ ivermectin |
| In what disease can you see worms crawling in the conjunctiva? | loa loa; tx is diethylcarbamazine |
| What disease causes elephantitis? | Wuchereria bancrofti |
| What disease contracted from food contaminated with eggs causes granulomas and visceral larva migrans? | toxocara canis; tx is diethylcarbamazine |
| What disease can become encysted in the liver and cause anaphylaxis if echinococcal Ag are released from cysts? | echinococcus granulosus |
| What is Paragonimus westermani? | undercooked crab meat --> inflammation and infection of lung, hemoptysis |
| What is complementation referring to viral genetics? | 1 or 2 viruses infecting cell has a mutation, nonmutated virus "complements the mutated one by making a functional protein |
| What are some live attenuated vaccines? | smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, Sabin's polio virus, MMR |
| What is the only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV (+) pt? | MMR |
| What is the only DNA virus that is ss? | Parvoviridae |
| Where do herpesviruses acquire their envelop from? | nuclear membrane |
| All RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except which ones? | influenza and retroviruses |
| All DNA viruses replicate in the nuclear except which one? | poxvirus |
| Which viruses are naked? | Calici, Picorna, Reo, Parvo, Adeno, Papilloma, Polyoma |
| What are the DNA enveloped viruses? | Herpes, Hepadna, Smallpox |
| What are the DNA nucleocapsid viruses? | papilloma, adeno, parvo |
| What are the RNA enveloped viruses? | influenza, parainfluenca, RSV, MMR, rabies, HTLV, HIV |
| What are the RNA nucleocapsid viruses? | enteroviruses, rhinovirus, reo |
| Why can some babies born to HIV positive mothers be falsely positive initially? | anti-gp120 crosses placenta |
| pt with dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain and (+) leukocyte esterase test | bacterial UTI |
| what does a biopsy of Kaposi's sarcoma reveal? | lymphocytic inflammation |
| What are the bactericidal drugs? | Vancomycin, FQs, Pens, Amingoglycosides, Cephs, Metronidazole ("Very finely proficient at cell murder") |
| What are the bacteriostatic dugs? | Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol ( "ECSTaTiC") |
| What drug is resistant to beta-lactamases and inhibits cell wall synthesis (binds to PBP3)? | aztreonam |
| How can you prevent "red man syndrome" that occurs with vanc administration? | antihistamines, slow infusion rate |
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ash0403
on 2010-06-03