| Question | Answer |
| What is the difference between the origin of carcinoma and sarcoma? | Carcinoma derives from epithelial tissue. Sarcoma derives from connective tissue. |
| Which is a property of tumors..monoclonal or polyclonal? | Monoclonal |
| How does malignant tumors get out of basement membrane for invasion? | Type IV collegenase dissolves basement membrane |
| Malignant tumors may invade locally. Where is laminin found? And what is its relationship with the invasion of malignant tumor? | Laminin is found in basement membrane. Malignant cells have laminin receptor to attach to basement membrane to secrete type IV collagenase. |
| Malignant tumors may invade locally. Where is fibronectin found? And what is its relationship with the invasion of malignant tumor? | Fibronectin is found in Extra cellular matrix. Malignant cells have fibronectin receptors to go out into ECM. |
| The usual mechanism of dissemination of carcinoma is through lymphatic or hematogenous? | Lymphatic |
| The usual mechanism of dissemination of sarcoma is through lymphatic or hematogenous? | Hematogenous |
| Name the gene which is inactivated leading to Retinoblastoma. | RB suppressor gene |
| Name the gene which is inactivated leading to Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. | APC suppressor gene |
| Name the gene which is inactivated leading to Li-Fraumeni syndrome. | TP 53 suppressor gene |
| In hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, the characteristic finding is alteration in _________ nucleotide sequence. | Microsatellite |
| Actinic (solar) keratosis predisposes to what type of cancer? | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| ABL proto-oncogene is associated with which cancer? Also state the type of mutation. | Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Translocation t(9;22) |
| ERBB2 proto-oncogene is associated with which cancer? Also state the type of mutation. | Breast carcinoma. Amplification |
| MYC proto-oncogene is associated with which cancer? Also state the type of mutation. | Burkitt's lymphoma. Translocation t(8;14) |
| N-MYC proto-oncogene is associated with which cancer? | Neuroblastoma |
| RAS proto-oncogene is associated with which cancer? | Leukemia, lung, colon and pancreatic carcinoma |
| RET proto-oncogene is associated with which cancer syndrome? | Multiple endocrine neoplasia IIa/IIb syndrome |
| SIS proto-oncogene is associated with which cancer? Also state the type of mutation. | Osteogenic sarcoma, Astrocytoma. Overexpression |
| BCL2 anti-apoptosis gene is associated with cancer? Also state the type of mutation. | B-cell follicular lymphoma. Translocation t(14;18)-causes overexpression |
| How does BCL2 gene prevent apoptosis? | Its protein products prevent cytochrome c from leaving mitochondria, therefore no cytochrome c in cytosol which will activate caspases initiating apoptosis. |
| RB tumor suppressor gene is associated with which cancer? | Retinoblastoma, Osteogenic sarcoma, Breast carcinoma. |
| BRCA 1/ BRCA 2 tumor suppressor gene is associated with which cancer? | Breast and ovarian cancer. |
| TGF-Beta tumor suppressor gene is associated with which cancer? | Pancreatic and colorectal cancer. |
| WT 1 tumor suppressor gene is associated with which cancer? | Wilms' tumor |
| Defect in mismatch repair gene will result in which cancer? | Hereditary Non-Polposis Colorectal Carcinoma. |
| What is the function of the BAX gene? | It promotes apoptosis. It is activated by TP 53, which causes it to inactivate BCL 2 anti-apoptosis gene. |
| Aflatoxin is associated with which cancer? | Hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| Arsenic is associated with which cancer? | SCC of Skin |
| Asbestos is associated with which cancer? | Mesothelioma, Bronchogenic carcinoma |
| Benzene is associated with which cancer? | Acute Leukemia. |
| Beryllium is associated with which cancer? | Bronchogenic carcinoma, along with asbestos, chromium, nickel and silica. |
| Chromium is associated with which cancer? | Bronchogenic carcinoma, along with asbestos, beryllium, nickel and silica. |
| Nickel is associated with which cancer? | Bronchogenic carcinoma, along with asbestos, beryllium, chromium, and silica. |
| Cyclophosphamide is associated with which cancer? | Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, along with aniline dyes. |
| Beta-Napthylamine (aniline dyes) is associated with which cancer? | Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, along with cyclophosphamide. |
| Di-Ethyl-Stilbestrol is associated with which cancer? | Clear cell carcinoma of vagina. |
| What is the most effective host defence againts cancer? | Cytotoxic CD8 T cells |
| Name the cytokine involved in the mechanism of cachexia. | Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha |
| CA 125 is a tumor marker associated with which cancer? | Surface derived Ovarian cancer |
| CEA is a tumor marker associated with which cancer? | Colorectal and pancreatic cancer |
| CA 15-3 is a tumor marker associated with which cancer? | Breast cancer. |
| CA 19-9 is a tumor marker associated with which cancer? | Pancreatic cancer. |
| AFP is a tumor marker associated with which cancer? | Hepatocellular carcinoma, and Yolk sac tumor |
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Created by:
Justin Lee
on 2009-06-28