Question	Answer
State 2 functions of K+	1) Regulate neuromuscular excitability and muscular contraction 2) Regulate insulin secretion
What are the ECG changes in a) Hypo-Kalemia? b) Hyper-Kalemia?	a) Hypo-K+ = U wave b) Hyper-K+ = Peaked T waves
Is sweating a hypo/iso/hypertonic loss of Na+?	Hypotonic loss of Na+
Is adult diarrhea a hypo/iso/hypertonic loss of Na+?	Isotonic loss of Na+
Are pitting edema states (RHF, cirrhosis, neprotic) a hypo/iso/hypertonic loss/gain of Na+?	Hypotonic gain of Na+
Is salicylate intoxication a metabolic acidosis or respiratory alkalosis?	It is both. It is a primary metabolic acidosis, and a primary respiratory alkalosis.
What are the differences between transudate and exudate?	Transudate is protein-poor and cell-poor, produce pitting edema. Exudate is protein-rich and cell-rich. No pitting edema.
State the 3 pathogenesis of thrombi. (Virchow's triad)	1) Endothelial cell injury 2) Stasis of blood flow 3) Hypercoagulability
List the causes of Fat Embolism.	1) MC due to fracture of long bones 2) trauma to fat-laden tissues, or fatty liver
Dx : During labor, abrupt onset of dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension, and bleeding.	Amniotic fluid embolism
List 2 acute complications of scuba diving.	1) Pneumothorax 2) Pulmonary embolism 3) bends
List the changes during hypovolemic shock to : a) CO b) LVEDP c) PVR	a) decrease CO b) decrease LVEDP c) increased PVR
List the changes during cardiogenic shock to : a) CO b) LVEDP c) PVR	a) decreased CO b) increased LVEDP c) increased PVR
List the changes during septic shock to : a) CO b) LVEDP c) PVR	a) increased CO b) decreased LVEDP c) decreased PVR
What is the most common organism to cause septic shock?	Escherichia coli
Dx : Warm skin, bounding pulse, ARDS, DIC	Septic shock

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