| Word |
Definition |
Factors |
Substances |
| Crenate | to shrink in size | | |
| Hemolysis | process of a blood cell rupturing in hypotonic solution | | |
| Tonicity | effect of solutions on cell | | |
| Passive Transport | no energy needed | | |
| Active Transport | energy needed | | |
| Brownian Movement | motion that causes them to bump into adjacent molecules | | |
| Kinetic Energy | supplied by Brownian movement needed for passive transport mechanisms | | |
| Concentraction Gradient | unequally distributed this will exist and one region will have a greater concentration of the substance than other regions | | |
| Quilibrium | substance will diffuse until an equal distribution occurs | | |
| Solution | result of dissolving a solute | | |
| Solute | ex. salt | | |
| Solvent | ex. water | | |
| Osmotic Pressure | greater the solute concentration the greater the osmotic pressure f the solution | | |
| Reverse Osmosis | a process in which the pressure applied to arm b is greater than the osmotic pressure | | |
| Dialysis | passive process similar to osmosis except that, besides water, small solute particles can pass through a selectively permeable membrane | | |
| Kidney dialysis | remove wastes from the blood of the patient whose kidneys are not functioning properly | | |
| Isontonic | solution has the same solute concentraations as a cell | | |
| Hypertonic | solution containing more solute (and therefore less solvent) than a cell; cell crenate | | |
| Isontonic | solution has the same solute concentraations as a cell | | |
| Hypertonic | solution containing more solute (and therefore less solvent) than a cell; cell crenate | | |
| Pinocytosis | cell invaginates a small area of the cell membrane and traps not the large particles of phagocytois by rather small particles and fluid | | |
| Exocytosis | active transport of materials out of the cell | | |
| Diffusion | molecular movement of solutes direction determined by relative concentrations | size of gradient, size of molecules, change, lipid solubility temp. | small inorganic ions, lipid soluble materials |
| Osmosis | movement of water molecules | concenttration gradient, opposing osmotic of hydrostatic pressure | water only (all cells) |
| Filtration | movement of water, usually with solute, by hydrostatic pressure requires filtration membrane | amunt of pressure, size of pores in filter | water and small ions (blood vessels) |
| Facilitated diffusion | carrier proteins passively transport solutes across a membrane down a concentration gradient | size of gradient, temp., availability of carrier protein | glucose and amino acids |
| Active Transport | carrier proteins actively transport solutes across a membrane regardles of any concentration gradients | availability of carrier, substrate, and ATP | NA+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ |
| Secondary Active Transport | carrier proteins passively transport two solutes, with one moving down its concentration gradient | availability of carrier,substrates, and ATP | glucose and amino acids |
| Endocytosis | creation of membranous vesicles containing fluid or solid material | stimulus and mechanics incompletely understood, requires ATP | fluids, nutrients, debris, pathogens |
| Exocytosis | fusion of vesicles, containing fluids and/or solids within the cell membrane | stimulus and mechanics incompletly understood, requires ATP | fluids, debris |
| Hypotonic | solution containing less solute than a cell; cells lyse | | |
| Phagocytosis | movement of large particles into the cell | | |
or...
