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Anatomy Lect Exam 2
LE muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Action of the semitendinosus across the knee joint | Extension of femur, flexion of knee, medial rotation of tibia when knee flexed |
| Action of gastrocnemius | Plantar flexion of ankle, assists in knee flexion |
| Deepest muscle at the posterior knee | Popliteus |
| Insertion of the biceps femoris (specifi) | Lateral head of fibula, lateral condlye of tibia |
| Originates on the posterior fibula ONLY and its tendon passes behind the medial malleolus | flexor hallucis longus |
| Function of the popliteus muscle | lateral rotation of femur to unlock extended knee, initiate knee flexion, medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed |
| lateral rotator of the hip located immediately superior to the tendon of the obturator internus | superior gemellus |
| two primary actions of the gluteus minimus | abduction, medial rotation of femur |
| lateral rotator of the hip only innervated by the obturator nerve | obturator externus |
| origin of the quadrates femoris | ischial tuberosity |
| action of gracilis cross the hip joint | adduction |
| insertion of the iliopsoas | lesser trochanter of femur |
| origin of the rectus femoris muscle | ASIS |
| Insertion of adductor magnus | Anterior head: adductor tubercle Posterior head: Linea aspera of femur |
| Origin of the vastus medialis muscle | Intertrochanteric line, linea aspera |
| Innervation of pectineus | femoral n |
| Insertion of the adductor brevis muscle | Proximal linea aspera, pectineal line of femur |
| Insertion of fibularis brevis | Lateral base of metacarpal 5 |
| Action of fibularis tertius | Eversion, dorsiflexion |
| Innervation of fibularis longus | Superficial fibular n |
| Specific muscle that is located on the dorsum of the foot and originates from the anterior calcanues | Extensor digitorum brevis |
| Abdominal muscle that rotates the trunk to the opposite side | External oblique |
| Define the deep inguinal ring | Gap in transversalis fascia |
| Specifically, what form the important conjoined tendon? | Union of the transverse abdominus & internal oblique muscles (aponeurosis) |
| Portion of the spermatic cord derived from the internal oblique | Cremaster muscle & its fascia |
| Name the cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve. Do not give articular | Medial and intermediatecutaneous nerves & saphenous nerve |
| Specific nerve from which the sural nerve arises | Tibial n |
| Point at which the common fibular nerve is particularly vulnerable to injury | Passes around neck of fibula |
| Assuming the sciatic nerve has been severed, would any cutaneous areas below the knee still have sensation? If so, specifically where and why? | Medial leg-supplied by saphenous branch of femoral nerve |
| The obturator nerve carries fibers from these spinal segments | L 2, 3, 4 |
| Give two vessels which help to form the cruciate anastomosis | Medial/lateral femoral circumflex, inferior gluteal, 1st perforating branch |
| Artery which directly gives rise to the most of the dorsal metatarsal arteries | arcuate a |
| The small saphenous vein is direct tributary | popliteal vein |
| Artery that gives rise to the perforating arteries of the thigh | profunda femoris |
| Besides being external to the epimysium and sometimes fused to it, give two other characteristics of the | deep fascia, Invest body areas, provide intermuscular septa, surround individual muscles to move freely |
| Discuss what is meant by a functional reversal of origin and insertion | Opposite of anatomical definition; origin is the fixed end, insertion is movable end |
| If we wanted the strongest possible muscular performance across a joint, what type of muscle would you use and how would you attach it | Multipennate; farther from joint |
| List the basic motor function of the nervous system | Muscular contraction; glandular secretion |
| These are a specific type of receptor used, for example, as pain detectors in the skin. They are functionally classified as: | GSA-general somatic afferent |
| Specific components innervated by the autonomic nervous system | PNS & INS; thoracolumbar & craniosacral |
| Define a nerve | A group of neuron fibers in the PNS |
| Name the anatomical structures placed in the PNS (be precise) | 12 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves Autonomic nerves of ANS |
| Name the intrinsic muscles of the foot that form the 1st layer | Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi |
| Name the dorsiflexors of the ankle | Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius |
| Name 2 important ligament with attachments to the ischium and sacrum | Sacrotuberous/sacrospinous ligament |
| A patient presents with flattening of the medial longitudinal arch on the plantar surface of the foot. Give specific ligamentous damage | Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament |
| Muscle innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve | gluteus maximus |
| Muscle immediately superior to the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region | piriformis |
| Action of the gluteus minimus | Abduction/medial rotation of femur |
| Muscles which insert on the iliotibial tract | TFL, glut maximus |
| Action of semitendinosus across the knee joint | Flexion (med. Rot. When knee flexed) |
| Muscle which originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the anterior proximal tibial shaft | semitendinosis |
| Hamstring inserting on the posterior medial tibial condyle | Semimembranosis |
| List individual names and actions of the muscle collectively known as triceps surae | Gastrocnemius (medial and lateral head), soleus |
| Abdominal muscle that rotates the trunk to the same side | Internal oblique |
| List 4 actions of the Sartorius | Abduction, flexion, lateral rotation of femur; flexion, medial rotation of knee |
| Muscle which lies immediately deep to the adductor longus; inserts on only a single bony landmark | Adductor brevis |
| Action of the gracilis across the hip joint | Adduction of femur |
| Origin of the rectus femoris muscle | AIIS, ilium at upper rim of acetabulum |
| Innervation of adductor magnus | Ant-obturator; post-sciatic |
| Action of pectineus | Adduction/flexion/medial rotation of femur |
| Origin of the extensor digitorum brevis | Anterior calcaneus |
| Action to the fibularis tertius | Eversion of foot; assist in dorsiflexion |
| Innervations of extensor hallucis longus | Deep fibular |
| Specifically what forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal | Aponeuosis of external oblique |
| Portion of the spermatic cord derived from the internal oblique | Cremaster muscle |
| Femoral nerve carries fibers from these specific spinal cord segments | L 2, 3, 4 |
| Apart from muscular paralysis, injury to this specific nerve should present anasesthesia of the skin in the small area between 1st and 2nd toes only | Deep fibular nerve |
| The tibial nerve passes immediately deep to this muscle during most of its course in the leg | Soleus |
| The sciatic nerve directly innervates what muscles? | Hamstrings & adductor magnus posterior head |
| The tibial nerve terminates as the | Medial and lateral plantar nerve |
| Arises from the acruate artery | Lateral dorsal metatarsal a |
| In detail, how does the great saphenous vein become a tributary to the deep veins? | passes through the saphenous hiatus and drains into the femoral vein |
| Artery of which the medial femoral circumflex is a direct branch | Profunda femoris |
| Smallest fiber-like unit of a muscle visible to the naked eye | fascicle |
| Considering that muscle volume remains constant, what can one say when comparing the range and strength of contraction of an unattached muscle? | Vary inversely |
| Give the functional 3 letter classificication and name a proprioceptor | GSA; muscle spindles |
| Specific components innervated by the ANS | Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
| Name the muscles that form the 3rd layer of the plantar foot | Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis |
| Name the medial rotators of the hip | Gluteus medius/minimus; adductor magnus/longus; pectineus; tfl |
| Name the ligaments that run from the tibia to the lateral malleolus | Anterior & posterior tibiofibular ligament |
| Nerve of the fibularis brevis | Superficial fibular |
| Insertion of the fibularis longus | Medial cuneiform & base of 5th metatarsal on plantar foot |
| Nerve of tibialis anterior | Deep fibular |
| Action of fibularis tertius | eversion |
| Origin of the vastus medialis | Intertrochanteric line & linea aspera of femur |
| Insertion of the adductor brevis | Adductor tubercle |
| Muscle which originates on the proximal ischial tuberosity and inserts on the medial greater trochanter | Inferior gemellus |
| Action of the gluteus minimus | Abduction, medial rotation |
| Origin of the superior gemellus | Ischial spine |
| Common origin of the hamstrings | Ischial tuberosity |
| Name the muscle whose tendons pass behind the medial malleolus. List from posterior to anterior as they pass around the malleolus. | Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum, tibialis posterior |
| Origin of the gastrocnemius | Medial head: medial epicondlye of femur; lateral head- lateral epicondyle of femur |
| Nerve of popliteus | tibial |
| Action of the soleus | plantar flexion |
| Muscle that originates only from the lateral epicondle of the femur and inserts into the calcaneous via Achilles tendon | plantaris |
| Portion of the spermatic cord derived from the aponeurosis of the external oblique | External spermatic fascia |
| Name given to the CT covering the smallest unit of a muscle visable to the naked eye | Perimysium |
| Component of the deep fascia which arranges muscle into functional compartments | Intermuscular septa |
| The tibial nerve passes immediately deep to this muscle during the most inferior half of its course | soleus |
| Nerve that traverses the adductor canal to provide cutaneous innervations to the medial side of the leg, ankle and foot to great toe | saphenous n |
| Classify (3 letters) efferents to the muscles of the facial expression and mastication. Why are they classified as this? | SVE; skeletal muscles derived from brachial arches |
| List the special sensations | vision hearing (equilibrium) taste smell |
Created by:
jmars984
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