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WHAP Notes
Chapters 1 through 10 review
| Topic | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe Paleolithic Society | Hunting and gathering must follow what they stalk, move with the seasons Community size-small bands |
| Paleolithic Social organization | Gender and social organization hunter-gatherers had to move all the time; no accumulated wealth |
| Wealth in agricultural social organization | land |
| Difference between Neolithic villages and cities | Cities were larger and more complex Specialization; professionals emerged Villages served the needs of their inhabitants and immediate neighbors Cities influenced the political, economic, and cultural life of larger regions. |
| 1st complex society developed where? | Southern Mesopotamia |
| Besides Lex Talionis, Hammurabi's Code based on... | Social standing Rich over poor Lex Talionis - law of relation |
| What happened to Harappan deities? | Intermingled with Aryans Carried on into Hindu |
| Why did Harappan society collapse? | Ecological disintegration Deforested Indus Valley Reduced rainfall Became desert Flooding of Indus, earthquakes |
| What is Varna? | Sanskirt for "color" Used to refer to major social classes |
| Pair early societies to Rivers: Mesopotamia | Tigris/Euphrates |
| Pair early societies to Rivers: Egypt | Nile |
| Pair early societies to Rivers: Harappa | Indus |
| Pair early societies to Rivers: China | Yellow |
| Shang control of bronze | Elites didn't allow free production of bronze Expensive Controlled access to copper and tin ores Competitors had small hope of resisting Army easily controlled agricultural villages |
| Madate of heaven | Theory of politics that heavenly events related to earthly affairs Granted the right to govern - "mandate to heaven" Power given to "son of heaven": link between heaven and earth |
| Zhou political organization | Split into 3 sections Give command to ally In exchange for favors Decentralized Feudalism |
| Cause for Zhou collapse | Subordinates didn't agree with main ruler Iron was cheaper, any one could build an army |
| 1st Meso-American civilization | Olmecs Known for big basalt heads |
| Purpose of Maya terraces | poorly drained Meso-american lowlands Tropical soils quickly lost fertility To enhance agricultural potential Built terraces; trap silt carried by rivers |
| Relation between native Austro. and New Guineans | Common ancestor New Guineans farmed: learned from Austronesia |
| Eyes and ears of the king | Imperial spies |
| Persian government style | Absorb them Let them keep their customs and cultures As long as they didn't rebel Tolerance of diversity |
| Final defeat of Persia | Alexander the Great Persepolis Achaemenid empire crumbled Seleucid, Parthian, Sansid |
| Zoroastrian influence | Ahura Mazda Priests - magi Angra Mainyu - evil Aristocrats and elites Darius |
| Describe Confucianism | Moral, ethical, and political Not religious or philisophical Ren - attitude of kindness Li - propriety, behaving appropriately Xiao - filial piety, significance of family |
| Confucianism v. Daoism | Daoism = spiritual withdraw from the world, to seek nature Confucianism = not spiritual encourages poliical participation |
| Legalism: strengths of the state | Legalist philosophy strength of state was military and agriculture |
| Invasion of _________ brought new techniques | Persians bureaucratic govt govt techniques |
| Gupta govt style | Arthrashatra handbook Spies and prostitutes as informants Bureaucratic |
| Monsoon effect on trade | Macedon - extensive trade networks |
| Bhagavad Gita | Hindu holy book Song of the Lord Lord: Krishna Prince Arjuna - caste - much obligation |
| Greek political organization | Polis; city-state Generals, tyrants, small monarchies Sparta: all citizens equal in status Athens: democratic principles |
| Plato's Republic | Sketched ideal state that reflected his philosophical views Best state was where philosophers ruled as kings or kings were philosophers Advocated intellectual aristocracy Socrates disciple: presented thoughts in dialogue |
| Greeks attempted to base philosophy on... | Pleasure |
| Philosophy that taught pleasure was good | Hellenist Epicurean Market Pleasure of food, social If everyone seeks pleasure won’t seek power Shield from pressures of world |
| Roman social tensions | Plebeians and Patricians Patricians gave Plebeians tribunes (base of political participation broadened Gracchi Bros-wanted to promote reform Marius- army of dedicated rural residents Sulla- aristocratic general |
| Roman governing style similar to... | Greeks |
| Pax Romona | Roman peace Augustus reign brought peace to Rome and the Empire Ended civil disturbances Facilitated trade and communication of ideas for Mesopotamia to Atlantic |
| Slaves _______% of Roman population | 30 |
| Biggest pyramids built during... | 1st millenium of Egyptian history (Old Kingdom) |
| Amon-Re | Amon - sky god Re - sun god tendency to combine gods in Egypt |
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punisher42
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