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H.HistoryExam2Vocab
Honors History Semester 2 Exam Review VOCAB ONLY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nationalism | the idea that your country is better than others |
| generational trauma | trauma that extends from one generation to the next |
| settlement house | a center in an underprivileged area that provides community services |
| Social Gospel Movement | Religious reform that occurred as a direct result of fixing negative impacts of rapid social changes; main focus was to improve society using God's teachings of charity & justice |
| scientific management | Used to make the production of goods more economically efficient for both product and labor; AKA Taylorism; mass production is time efficient |
| backlash | A strong reaction by a large number of people to social or political change |
| Social Darwinism | "Scientific Theory" Applies theory of evolution to people, races, & cultures; Belief that Anglo-Saxon / Nordic cultures are superior |
| Eugenics | Selection of desirable heritable characteristics in order to improve future generations |
| indigenous | Native to a particular country |
| Imperialism | Possession of people in multiple territories that create resources to fight for/over, as well as possible soldiers |
| racial consciousness | Awareness of being identified by race |
| bull market | strong economic market Stock prices consistently rise over a long period of time. If you bought shares of a stock at a low price, chances are your shares would gain in value |
| bear market | slowing market gains |
| stock speculation | Practice of making high-risk investments in the hope of retaining large profits |
| muckrakers | a journalist who wrote articles, stories, or novels to dramatize the need for social reform |
| temperance | movement dedicated to promoting moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in the use of intoxicating liquor |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| fascism | System of gov led by a dictator; Uses force to suppress opponents / critics; Emphasizes aggressive nationalism, xenophobia, and racism |
| America First Committee | Opposed WW2 involvement; did not want to aid Allies |
| rationing | allow each person to have only a fixed amount of a particular commodity |
| genocide | The intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group |
| antisemitism | Hatred of Jews as a group or Jews as a concept |
| Kristallnacht | Coordinated attacks by Nazis in Germany & Austria to kill Jews & destroy property (1938) "Night of Broken Glass" |
| Dawes Act | "An act to provide for the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians on various reservations" (1887) |
| Meat Inspection Act | Inspection of meat before, during & after slaughter (1906) |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Truth in labeling (1906) |
| War Powers Act | Gave President Nixon full power to make any law during time of war |
| National Defense Act | gave money to the military to expand the size of the Army (1916) |
| Selective Service Act | Congress gave the President the power to activate a military draft in times of war to ensure that the military was appropriate for the need |
| Espionage Act | Passed 2 months after WWI began to head off possible Acts of sabotage - aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment, causing insubordination in the armed forces; screen mail for treason |
| Sedition Act | Took Espionage Act elements / specifically targeted speech that criticized the draft & the war effort |
| Alien Act | ** Expel non-American born |
| Reichstag Fire Decree | Police could arrest and imprison anyone without probable cause; suspended / restricted freedoms |
| Enabling Act | Allowed Hitler to enact laws w/out approval of Parliament or President Paul von Hindenburg (1933) |
| Non-Aggression Pact | Soviet Union & Germany agree to attack & share Poland (1939); Now allies, Hitler wants to avoid 2-front war; AKA Molotov-Ribbentrop Compact |
| Neutrality Acts | Act as safeguards to prevent the U.S. from being dragged into another Euro-conflict; cash and carry policy; no traveling to Europe |
| Jane Addams | Settlement houses for poor; social work / won Nobel prize; Activist to improve conditions for the poor |
| Ida B. Wells | Leading Civil Rights activist of Progressive Era; Illegal lynchings ban |
| Alice Paul | National Women's Party; suffragist movement; gained support for 19th Amendment (no discrimination of voters based on sex) |
| William McKinley | "Moral Philosophy" - Christianize and civilize those who are not; American Imperialism = strong American economy (Progressive Era Pres.) |
| Theodore Roosevelt | "Square Deal" / trustbuster - regulated corporations / the Protector - Meat Inspection Act |
| William Howard Taft | "Dollar Diplomacy" / not successful b/c of political corruption led to party split; continued imperialism & trust busting; served all 3 branches |
| Woodrow Wilson | President during WWI |
| Warren G. Harding | Blocked gov. regulation of banks & investment firms 1920s; "Return to Normalcy" after WW1 - more "hands-off" gov. |
| Calvin Coolidge | Helped non-wealthy Americans; anti-lynching; Enacted Indian Citizenship Act 1924; rejected helping farmers; anti-union |
| Herbert Hoover | No reaction to the Great Depression; individualism; ordered the demolition of camps |
| Franklin Roosevelt | President during WW2 |
| Harry Truman | The president that made the decision to drop the bombs on Japan |
| Joseph Stalin | *Russian leader |
| Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader; antisemitism |
| Winston Churchill | Restore British colonies in Asia and the Pacific; former prime minister of the UK from 1874 to January 1965 |
| Jim Crow | legalized racial discrimination / segregation |
| Bonus Army | 1924 Congress voted to provide "Bonus" for WWI veterans; demands early payment |
| Fireside Chats | series of radio broadcasts made by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the nation, beginning in 1933. |
| Zimmerman Note | military contract between the German Empire and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany |
| Executive Order 9066 | Granted the military the power to ban American citizens of Japan ancestry from a 50-60 mile-wide coastal area from Washington state to California |
| "New Negro" | renewed cultural pride for African Americans during Harlem Renaissance |
| Office of War Info. | Mobilized advertising industry; Gain civilian support |
| War Bonds | a debt security issued by a government to finance military operations during times of war or conflict. |
| self-determination | Choosing political aspects without external influence |
| Dollar Diplomacy | Expand American investments abroad |
| Square Deal | Keep wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners & the poor |
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lexi.welte
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