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APHG Unit 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agribusiness | The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purpose Synonym: agriculture Antonym: inactivity |
| Agricultural Revolutions | The transition from hunting and gathering to planting and sustaining. Synonym: Agrarian revolution Antonym: Agricultural Stagnation |
| Aquaculture | The name given to all farming and rearing of fish and marine plants that does not fall under the category of fishing. Synonym: Aquaculture Antonym: Terrestrial farming |
| Crop Rotation | A system developed during the Second Agricultural Revolution in order to preserve the mineral health of soil used in agriculture and prevents patches of land from being exhausted. Synonym: Crop Rotation Antonym: Monoculture |
| Double cropping | The growing of two crops per growing season to double the harvest. Synonym: catch crop Antonym: Single cropping |
| GMO | “Genetically Modified Organism.” It is used in common parlance to refer to a crop whose genetic structure has been altered to make it more useful and efficient for human purposes. Synonym: gene-edited crops Antonym: Organic |
| Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Synonym: gardening Antonym: Neglect |
| Livestock ranching | A type of commercial farming in which the livestock (usually cattle) is allowed to roam over an established area. Synonym: cattle station Antonym: Crop farming |
| Pastoral nomadism | A way of life of peoples who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically or periodically. Synonym: free grazers Antonym: Fixed cultivation |
| Prime agricultural land | Most productive farmland. Synonym: cultivated land Antonym: Marginal land |
| Slash-and-burn agriculture | Burning a portion of forest so that the soil there can be used for agricultural purposes. Synonym: swidden cultivation Antonym: sustainable agriculture |
| Sustainable agriculture | Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution. Synonym: organic farming Antonym: unsustainable agriculture |
| Truck farming | Commercial gardening and fruit farming. Synonym: market gardening Antonym: Livestock farming |
| Winter/Spring wheat | A type of wheat crop that is planted in the late fall that stops growing during the winter before resuming growing in the spring. Synonym: Triticum aestivum compactum Antonym: summer crop |
| Agriculture | The raising of animals or the growing of crops on tended land to obtain food for primary consumption by a farmer's family or for sale off the farm. Synonym: farming Antonym: Urbanization |
| Commercial Agriculture | A form of agriculture undertaken in order to generate products for sale off of the farm in order to make a profit. Synonym: agribusiness Antonym: Subsistence farming |
| Desertification | The process by which previously fertile lands become arid and unusable for farming. Synonym: deforestation Antonym: Reclamation |
| Food security | The ability of a population or a social community to reliably access enough nutrition to survive and flourish. Synonym: Food hygiene Antonym: Hunger |
| Green Revolution | The development of higher-yield and fast-growing crops through increased technology, pesticides, and fertilizers transferred from the developed to developing world to help with food supply in regions of the globe. Synonym: Antonym: agricultural stagnation |
| Intensive subsistence agriculture | A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum yield from a piece of land. Synonym: Peasant farming Antonym: Extensive farming |
| Milkshed | an area surrounding the milk source (dairy farm) where milk is supplied without spoiling. Synonym: Antonym: Milk desert |
| Pasture | grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing Synonym: grazing Antonym: Urban area |
| Shifting cultivation | the practice of farming by clearing land for farming by slashing vegetation and burning debris Synonym: Swidden agriculture Antonym: Stationary farming |
| Subsistence agriculture | the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer and mostly found in less developed countries. Synonym: Peasant farming Antonym: Industrial agriculture |
| Transhumance | the seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures. Synonym: nomadism Antonym: Settlement |
| Von Thunen's Model | a predictive theory in human geography that predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market. Synonym: location theory Antonym: Dispersed Agriculture |
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mapitts04
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