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Phase and Polarity

QuestionAnswer
frequency and amplitude are independent of each other except... when two sources produce the same sound (when two speakers play same material, or sound from one source bounces off of a hard surface like a wall)
interference the way the two sounds interact with each other
phase relationship between the two sounds. important consideration in sound reinforcement and studio design.
1+1=1(+/-1) This equation says depending on the phase relationship between the two sources, we can hear anywhere between zero amplitude (silence) and twice as much amplitude as one source alone
simple wave motion can be plotted in a... ...circle because it goes through cycles that continue over and over again
plotting waves in a circle means wave motion can also be measured in... ...degrees. one cycle =v360 degrees
reinforce get louder. happens when two waves combine in the air with the right phase relationship.
cancel get quieter. happens when two waves combine in the air with the right phase relationship
in phase Also called matching polarity. waves that are in phase will reinforce. They have zero degrees phase difference.
matching polarity also called in phase. Both signals have the same level of positive or negative pressure, voltage, current, etc.
constructive interference any time two waves coincide and result in a wave with greater amplitude
180 degrees out of phase Also called inverted polarity. the waves will cancel completely. Zero output occurs because as one wave increases in pressure, the other decreases by an equal amount. The sum is zero at all points. Happens not often but under right circumstances
inverted polarity also called 180 degrees out of phase. Both signals have the same level of positive or negative pressure, voltage, current, etc. but it is offset 180 degrees.
destructive interference two waves combine in a way that results in a decrease in amplitude relative to either one alone
partial interference between constructive and destructive interference. can make waves louder or quieter..
Why might having multiple speakers not be effective? If you have multiple speakers but the signals don't arrive very closely in phase, there's not much point. If they combine near the bottom of the phase wheel, you'd be better off with only one. Great challenge of sound system design
formula for calculating wavelength in feet speed of sound in feet per second / frequency = wavelength in feet
wavelength of a 20 Hz wave 56.6 feet
wavelength of a 30 Hz wave 37.6 feet
wavelength of a 40 Hz wave 28.25 feet
wavelength of a 100 Hz wave 11.3 feet
wavelength of a 500 Hz wave 2.26 feet
wavelength of a 1000 Hz wave 1.13 feet (13.5 inches)
wavelength of a 2500 Hz wave .452 feet (almost 5.5 inches)
wavelength of a 5000 Hz wave .226 feet (almost 2.75 inches)
wavelength of a 10000 Hz wave .113 feet (just over 1.25 inches)
wavelength of a 15 KHz wave .075 feet (.9 inches)
wavelength of a 20 KHz wave .0565 feet (just over .5 inches)
Created by: mortehay000
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