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CANCER

TermDefinition
oncology study of cancer and their treatment
etiology original cause of a cellular alteration
homeostasis a condition of equilibrium when various physiologic factors are within normal limits
allostasis body's way of adapting to acute stress to maintain homeostasi
cellular adaption a protective mechanism to prevent cellular and tissue harm because of stressors
pathognomonic changes unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes
histology microscopic study of tissues and cells for diagnostic purposes
biopsy extraction of cell samples from an organ or mass of tissue to allow for histological examination
cellular differentation the process in which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function
atrophy a decrease in work demands leading to a shrinkage
hypertrophy enlargement of a cell due to excessive use
hyperplasia increase in number of cells in an organ tissue, in response to a stimulus
metaplasia reversable change where one cell type is replaced with another
dysplasia deranged cell growth comes from an irritant, if removed it can be correct, is it a precursor to cancer but is not cancerous
neoplasia new growth, tumor
apoptopsis programmed cell death, protective process -cells that do not go through apoptosis can lead to cancer
necrosis cell death due to injury, irreversible process -initiates inflammatory reaction
infarction -ischemic necrosis, death of tissue results from prolonged ischemia (myocardial infarction)
ischemia lack of blood supply
gangrene -prolonged ischemia, infarction and necrosis -wet: bacteria invades tissue--> swell, odor, oozes -dry: no blood supply, tissue dries and shrinks, turns black
angiogenesis formation of new blood vessels
carcinogenesis initiation of cancer formation
benign abnormal cells that remain localized
malignant spread to others area
adenoma benign tumor, glandular tissue, or organ
lipomas derived from fat cells
hemangioma collection of blood vessels in the skin or internal organ
desmoid tumors can be highly invasive but do not metastasize
nevi non-cancerous moles on the skin
myomas muscle tumor
carcinoma malignant epithelial cells
adenocarcinoma cancer of the glandular or ductal tissue
sarcoma mesenchymal origin, such as connective tissue, cartilage, and bone
leukemia cancerous change in leukocytes
lymphoma cancerous lymphocytes in lymph tissue
chachexia progressive loss of body fat and lean mass, essentially the body is being eaten from the inside out
paraneoplastic syndrome unexpected pathological disorder provoked by the presence of cancer in the body (not due to cancer's space-occupying or metastatic effects)
three ways for cancer to metastasize 1. it is in the blood, moves from its primary site and lands in another tissue and grows there 2. through our lymph system, travels down our lymph nodes 3. surgery contamination
what is the true diagnostic test for cancer biopsy
Created by: phockens
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