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Diagnostic Tests

TermDefinition
What is a neurological examination? Assesses motor and sensory skills, the functioning of one or more cranial nerves, hearing and speech, vision, coordination and balance, mental status, and changes in mood or behavior, among other abilities.
Angiography A test used to detect blockages of the arteries or veins.
Cerebral Angiogram Can detect the degree of narrowing or obstruction of an artery or blood vessel in the brain, head, or neck. It is used to diagnose stroke and to determine the location and size of a brain tumor, aneurysm, or vascular malformation.
Biopsy Involves the removal and examination of a small piece of tissue from the body.
Muscle or Biopsies Used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders and may also reveal if a person is a carrier of a defective gene that could be passed on to children.
Computed Tomography 2 dimensional images of organs/bones/tissues that can detect bone/vascular irregularities,brain tumors/cysts/herniated discs/epilepsy/encephalitis/spinal stenosis/clot/intracranial bleeding in patients w/stroke,brain damage from head injury, etc.
Electroencephalography Monitoring brain activity through the skull. Used to help diagnose seizure disorders/brain tumors/brain damage from head injuries/inflammation of the brain and/or spinal cord/ alcoholism/certain psychiatric disorders/metabolic & degenerative disorders.
Electromyography, Used to diagnose nerve and muscle dysfunction and spinal cord disease. It records the electrical activity from the brain and/or spinal cord to a peripheral nerve root (found in the arms and legs) that controls muscles during contraction and at rest.
Nerve Conduction Velocity Study Measures electrical energy by assessing the nerve’s ability to send a signal.
Electronystagmography A group of tests used to diagnose involuntary eye movement, dizziness, and balance disorders, and to evaluate some brain functions.
Evoked Potentials Measures electrical signals to the brain generated by hearing/touch/sight. Used to assess sensory nerve problems & confirm conditions including multiple sclerosis/brain tumor/acoustic neuroma/spinal cord injury/& to test sight/hearing/monitor brain activi
Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAER) Used to assess high-frequency hearing loss/diagnose any damage to the acoustic nerve and auditory pathways in the brainstem/detect acoustic neuromas.
Visual Evoked Potentials (VER/VEP) Detects loss of vision from optic nerve damage.
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP) Measures response from stimuli to the peripheral nerves and can detect nerve or spinal cord damage or nerve degeneration from multiple sclerosis and other degenerating diseases.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Uses computer-generated radio waves and a powerful magnetic field to produce detailed images of body structures including tissues, organs, bones, and nerves.
Myelography Involves the injection of a water- or oil-based contrast dye into the spinal canal to enhance x-ray imaging of the spine. Used to diagnose spinal nerve injury, herniated discs, fractures, back or leg pain, and spinal tumors.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 2 & 3-dimensional pictures of brain activity by measuring radioactive isotopes that are injected into the bloodstream. Used to detect/highlight tumors/diseased tissue/measure cellular tissue metabolism/blood flow/seizure disorders/memory disorders, etc.
Polysomnogram Measures brain and body activity during sleep.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) A nuclear imaging test involving blood flow to tissue, is used to evaluate certain brain functions.
Thermography Uses infrared sensing devices to measure small temperature changes between the two sides of the body or within a specific organ. Also known as digital infrared thermal imaging & may be used to detect vascular disease of the head and neck/soft tissue inju
Ultrasound Imaging/ Sonography Uses high-frequency sound waves to obtain images inside the body.
Neurosonography Analyzes blood flow in the brain and can diagnose stroke, brain tumors, hydrocephalus (build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain), and vascular problems. It can also identify or rule out inflammatory processes causing pain.
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Used to view arteries and blood vessels in the neck and determine blood flow and risk of stroke.
Created by: akesselman
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