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NBDE
Fungi
Question | Answer |
---|---|
blastomycoses | ulcerative skin and bone lesions |
W-1 glycoprotein surface antigen | blastomycoses |
chicago disease | blastomycoses |
cave/spelunker`s disase | histoplasmosis |
leads to pericarditis amd mediastenal fibrosis | histoplasmosis |
granulomas and TB-like lesions | histoplasmosis |
dematiaceous fungi | Chromoblastomysosis |
cauliflower-like wart lesions | Chromoblastomysosis |
might be treated with chemotherapy or surgery | Chromoblastomysosis |
long hyphae with rosetta pattern | Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis |
thick walls, rough macro and rare micro | Microsporum |
thin walls, smooth marco, many micro | Trichophyton |
smooth macro, no micro | Epidermophyton |
tinea capitis Tx | griseofulvum |
dont normally elicit IM response | Superficial mycoses |
spaghetti and meatball fungus | Malassezia furfur (-> versicolor) |
painful ulcers of oral , nasal, GI mucosa | paracoccidiomycosis |
chiefly affects men | paracoccidiomycosis |
endemic in S. America | paracoccidiomycosis |
desert rheumatism | coccidiomycosis |
fungus spread by dust storms | coccodiomycosis |
virulence via arthroconidia | coccodiomycosis |
urease -> alkaline halo | coccodiomycosis |
clacification of infected lesions | coccodiomycosis |
C. immitis | coccodiomycosis |
most prevalent fungal pathogen in the US | cryptococcis |
found in droppings of pigeons and eucalyptus | cryptococcis |
only exist in yeast form | cryptococcis |
contain capsule (unique for fungi) | cryptococcis |
produce melanin | cryptococcis |
pneumonia and lung nodules | cryptococcis |
might lead to meningtis | cryptococcis |
lung cancer-like lesion | cryptococcis |
alfatoxin | aspergillosis |
induce hepatoma | aspergillosis |
fungus balls = mycetoma | aspergillosis |
exist only in hyphal state | aspergillosis |
via BV -> brain | aspergillosis |
gliotoxin | aspergillosis |
diabetes, leukopeina | zygomycosis |
rhinocerebral form -> 85% mortality | zygomycosis |
most common resp infection in late state HIV | pneumocystis jirveci |
can transmit from human to human | pneumocystis jirveci |
not very responsive to anti-fungal Tx | pneumocystis jirveci |
exist in pulm interstitial tissue (sporocyst) | pneumocystis jirveci |
ground glass appearance on lung X-ray | pneumocystis jirveci |
death from asphyxiation | pneumocystis jirveci |
disrupt heme P-450 | azoles |
dont absorb from the gut | polyenes |
requires acidic pH (oral med) | ketoconazole |
5-flurocytosine | nucleoside analog |
drug: enters CSF | 5-flurocytosine |
drug: interact with tubulin (protein involved in Mit) | griseofulvin |
drug: interferes with CW synthesis | echinocandins: caspofungin |
candida reproduction | Asexual budding |
candida yeast form | blastospore/conidia |
candida hyphal form | aka mycelial (germ tubes or pseudohyphae) |
anaerobes | candida |
tolerates pH from 2 to 9 | candida |
denture wearers + salivary hypofxn | candida glabrate |
steroids act as nutrients for | candida |
localized, painless hyperemia on the palate | chronic erythematous candidiasis |
perleche | erythematous areas at the corners of mouth |
perleche | angular chelitis |
tissue damage by hyphal invasion of heart, SC, urethra | systemic candidiasis |
candida attachment | fibronectin and laminin on damaged tissue |
secretes aspartic proteinase and lipase | candida |
most effective anti-candida IM reponse | PMN`s or CMI |
high frequency phenotopic switching | candida |
germ tube formation | candida |
chlamydospores | candida |
2 swish and swallow drugs | Nystatin and clotrimazole |