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NWHSU Mash GA2Q4ESN
NWHSU Mash GA 2 Quiz 4 Embryology Skeletal and Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F The primary center of ossification in the scapula forms both the body and most of the acromion | T |
| T/F The clavicles articulate with the presternal cartilage which later joins the manubrium of the sternum. | F -suprasternal cartilages |
| T/F In the foot, secondary centers of ossification appear only in the proximal epiphyses of the phalanges | T |
| T/F Ribs have a single center of chondrification at nine weeks. | F -seven weeks |
| T/F Secondary centers of ossification form in the epiphyses of long bones between 5 weeks of fetal development and the 20th year (depending on the specific bone). | F -birth to 20 years |
| T/F The clavicle has the last primary center of ossification to appear in the body. | F - secondary (ossifies first, closes last) |
| T/F The patella is completely cartilaginous at birth | T |
| T/F Concerning the metacarpals and metatarsals of digits 2-5, secondary centers of ossification appear only in distal epiphyses. | T |
| T/F The sternum develps by endochondral and intramembrous ossification. | F -clavicle |
| T/F Ossification (primary) of a rib takes place from a single center located near the angle. | TRUE |
| T/F Ossification (primary) of a rib takes place from a single loction at the head. | F -near angle |
| T/F In general, the limbs reach the cartilagenous state at 10 weeks of embryonic development. | F -6-7weeks |
| T/F Concerning the metacarpals and metatarsals of digits 2-5, secondary centers of ossification appear only in proximal epiphyses. | False (distal epiphyses) |
| Describe in detail the anomaly known as "lobster claw". | abnormal cleft between the 2nd and 4th metarcarpals and soft tissues, 3rd metacarpals and phalange are usually absent, thumb, and index finger can be fused. |
| Congenital malformation caused when mesenchyme between phalanges fails to breakdown. | syndactyly |
| Specifically, what is the embryonic cause of a) cleft sternum b) supernumerary rib | a) failure of sternal bands to fuse b)overdevelopment of costal process (in area other than thoracic) leading to an increased number of ribs (C7 or L1) |
| congenital malformation in which a small bone attaches hands or feet to the trunk. | meromelia |
| anomaly with no limb development | amelia |
| Besides ganglia and a small contribution to pia and arachnoid list 4 derivatives of the neural crest. | odontoblasts, melanocytes, satelite cells, chomaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, |
| Besides ganglia, Schwann cells, and the cartilages of the brachial arches: list 4 derivatives of the neural crest. | melanocytes, odontoblasts, satelite cells, chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla, small contribution to pia and arachnoid |
| the thalamus and hypothalamus develop from what embryonic components? Include secondary brain vesicle and plate. | alar plates of diencephalon |
| Component that forms astrocytes and oligodendrocytes but NOT ependymal cells. | gliablasts |
| Primordium for the cerebellum. | rhombic lips formed by dorsal part of alar plates |
| Functional classification (use 3 letters) of the columns in the basal plate of the myelencephalon. | GSE, SVE, GVE |
| Functional classification (use 3 letters) of the columns in the basal plate of the metencephalon. | GSE, SVE, GVE |
| Functional classification (use 3 letters) of the columns in the basal plate of the mesencephalon. | GSE, GVE |
| Brain vesicle which forms only the pons and cerebellum | metencephalon |
| Briefly discuss how dorsal roots of spinal nerves develop. | from the neural crest |
| What develops from the corpus striatum? | future caudate and lenticular nuclei |
| The primordium of the cerebral cortex. | pallium |
| the epithalamus develops from what embryonic components? Include secondary brain vesicle and plate. | diencephalon, roof plate |
| The bilateral longitudinal groove in the developing spinal cord used to seperate basal and alar plates | sulcus limitans |
| Briefly discuss the differentiation of the microglia. | from mesenchyme |
| Myelination in the spinal cord begins about ______(1st, 2nd, 4th, or 8th) month of fetal development. Additionally, at birth the cord ends at the _____vertebral level. | 4th, L3 |
| Anomaly produced when any area of the neural tube fails to close; nervous tissue remains flattened and exposed to surface. | rachischisis |
| Anomaly usually due to aqueductal stenosis | hydrocephalus |
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AnatomyMash
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