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Anatomy - Chapter 6

Bones

TermDefinition
Axial Skeleton bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
Appendicular Skeleton Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder and hips.
Long Bones Longer than they are wide.
Short Bones Cube-shaped bones of the wrist and ankle. Bones that form in tendons.
Flat Bones Thin, flattened and a little curved. (Sternum and skull bones)
Irregular Bones Bones with complicated shapes. (vertebra hip bones)
Compact Bone Dense outer layer.
Spongy Bone Honeycomb of trabeculuae filled with yellow bone marrow.
Articular Cartilage The cartilage coating a bone.
Periosteum The membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around most of your bones.
Epiphyseal Line The line between the proximal epiphyseal and the diaphysis.
Diaphysis The main part of the long bone, middle.
Epiphyseal (Proximal and Distal) The top and bottom round part of the long bones.
Medullary Cavity Where yellow bone marrow is stored.
Sharpey's Fibers The fibers connecting the periosteum to the compact bone.
Calcium is needed for... Transmission of nerve impulses, Muscle contractions, Blood coagulation, Secretion by glands and nerve cells, cell division.
Wolff's Law A bone grows or remodels in response to the forces or demands placed upon it.
Nondisplaced Bone ends retain their normal position.
Displaced Bone ends are out of normal alignment.
Complete Bone is broken all the way through.
Incomplete Bone is not broken all the way through.
Linear The fracture is parallel to the long axis of the bone.
Transverse the fracture is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
Compound (open) Bone ends penetrate the skin.
Simple (closed) Bone ends do not penetrate the skin.
Comminuted Bone fragments into three or more pieces; common in the elderly.
Spiral Ragged break when bone is excessively twisted; common sports injury.
Depressed Broken bone portion pressed inward; typical skull fracture.
Compression bone is crushed; common in porous bones.
Epiphyseal Fracture epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal line; occurs where cartilage cells are dying.
Greenstick Incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends; common in children.
Osteomalacia Bones are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bones. Symptoms are pain when weight is applied. Cause is insufficient calcium or vitamin D deficiency.
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva A little-known disease that slowly turns its victims into masses of solid bone.
Rickets Bones of children are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bones. Causes bowed legs, and deformities in the pelvis, skull, and rib cage. Caused by insufficient calcium or vitamin D deficiency.
Osteoporosis Group of diseases in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, bones become so fragile that sneezing or stepping off a curb can cause fractures. Common in postmenopause women.
Created by: emag
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