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Rauss All Units
Civics and Economics SOL Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What are the 5 fundamental political principles of government? | Consent of the governed, limited government, democracy, Representative Government, Rule of Law |
| 2. What does “consent of the governed” mean? | The people are the source of any and all governmental power. |
| 3. What does “limited government” mean? | Government is not all powerful and may do only those things the people have given it the power to do. |
| 4. What does “democracy” mean? | In a democratic system of government, the people rule. |
| 5. What does “representative government” mean? | In a representative system of government, the people elect public officeholders to make laws and conduct government on the people's behalf. |
| 6. What does “rule of law” mean? | The government and those who govern are bound be the law, as are those who are governed. |
| 7. Which early American document guaranteed the rights of Englishmen to colonists? | Charters of the Virginia Company of London |
| 8. What document was written by George Mason and served as a model/example for the U.S. Bill of Rights? | Virginia Declaration or Rights |
| 9. What document by Thomas Jefferson and served as a model for the First Amendment’s freedom of religion? | Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom |
| 10. Why is the Declaration of Independence important? | - Stated we have unalienable rights- life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; - all men are created equal; - took away consent to be governed |
| 11. What was the first plan of government for the United States and why did it fail? | Articles of Confederation, - gave states sovereignty, - created a weak central government |
| 12. What is the Preamble and what does it do? | It's the introduction of the constitution and it sets forth the goals and purposes to be served by the government. |
| 13. What is the written plan of government for the United States? | The Constitution |
| 14. What is federalism? | The division of power between the states and the national government |
| 15. What are the powers set aside for the states called? | Reserved Power |
| 16. What happens if a U.S. law conflicts with a state law? | The U.S. law over rules the state law |
| 17. What are implied powers? | Used to carry out expressed powers |
| 18. What are powers the federal or state governments may NOT have? | Denied Powers |
| 19. What are powers given specifically to Congress in the Constitution called? | Formal Powers |
| 20. What are the 3 levels of federal courts? | U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. District Court |
| 21. What are the 5 state courts? | Virginia Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Circuit court, General District Court |
| 22. What is the process for bringing a criminal case to trial? | Criminal: arrested, jail or bail, arraignment, trail, and cases can be appealed |
| What is the process for bringing a civil and case to trial? | Civil: plaintiff files a compliant, cases heard by judge or jury, cases can be appealed |
| 23. What group makes laws for Virginia? | General Assembly |
| 24. What is the lawmaking process? How does a bill become a law? | Introducing a bill, Working in committees, Debating the bill on the floor of each house, Voting on the bill in each house, sending the bill to the governor(state) or president(national) to sign |
| 25. What is a veto? | A right to reject a decision or proposal |
| 26. What is the role of a lobbyist? | Seeking to influence legislators to introduce or vote for or against a bill |
| 27. What does the executive branch include? | The president, vice president, cabinet is the executive departments, regulatory commissions and agencies ex. EPA |
| 28. What is due process and where is it mentioned in the U.S. Constitution? | It guarantees fair treatment by the government: first amendment freedoms and the 14th amendment |
| 29. What is the legislative branch of the local government? | County-Board of supervisors City-council |
| 30. What positions does the VA Constitution require local governments to elect? | Sheriff, clerk of the circuit court, commissioner of revenue, and a Treasurer |
| 31. What is the role of the media in elections? | Identifying candidates and emphasizing selected issues, writing editorials, creating political cartoons, publishing op-ed pieces, broadcasting different point of views |
| 32. What are the primary responsibilities of the national government? | National: Conducts foreign policy, regulates commerce, and provides for the common defense |
| What are the primary responsibilities of the state government? | State: Promotes public health, safety, and welfare |
| 33. Describe the national legislative branch. | Congress made up of house of representatives and senate and they veto bills. Make laws, check president and courts, declares war, and etc. |
| 34. How does the executive branch influence policy making? | Proposing legislation in annual speech to Congress, Appealing directly to the people, Approving or vetoing legislation, Appointing officials who carry out the laws |
| 35. What is judicial review? | The power of the supreme courts of the United States and Virginia to determine the constitutionality of laws and acts of the executive branch of government. |
| 36. Which Supreme Court case established the idea of judicial review? | Marbury v. Madison |
| 37. Describe the system of checks and balances. Give examples. | Executive branch nominates judges while Judicial branch declares laws unconstitutionally and the Congress approves presidential nominations and controls budget. |
| 38. What are the qualifications to vote? | Citizen of the United States, Resident of Virginia and precinct, 18 years of age by day of general election |
| 39. What factors determine who is more likely to vote? | Age, education, income |
| 40. What are PACs and what do they do? | Political Action Committees: they give issue-oriented special interest groups increased influence |
| 41. What are the functions of political parties? | Recruiting and nominating candidates, Educating the electorate about campaign issues, Helping candidates win elections, Monitoring actions of officeholders |
| 42. How do third parties differ from the major parties? | They introduce new ideas and press for a campaign, and they revolve around personality |
| 43. What are the major political parties and how are they different from each other? | Republican and Democratic: are stated in a party's platform and reflected in campaigning |
| 44. How has the high cost of getting elected changed campaigning for public office? | It led to efforts to reform campaign finance laws and a limit have been placed on the amount individuals may contribute to political candidates and campaigns |
| 45. Explain how the electoral college works. | A chosen slate of electors for each state meets to vote for president and vice president. Most states have winner take all system and the requirements for majority vote win in the electoral college favors two party system. |
| 46. What are magistrates? | issues search warrants, subpoenas, arrest warrants, and summons and set bail |
| 47. What is original jurisdiction? | The court where a csae begins |
| What is appellate jurisdiction? | The court has the power to review a case from a lower court. |
| 48. Who heads the executive branch at each of the 3 levels of government? | National: president, State:governor, Local: mayor or Chairman of the Board of Supervisors |
| 49. Who nominates and confirms Supreme Court justices? | Executive Branch |
| 51. What is our national legislature called? | Congress |
| 52. What does bicameral mean? | two branches or houses |
| 53. None of the 3 branches of government is stronger than one another due to the system of __________. | powers |
| 54.What are the two houses of Congress called? | Senate and House of Representatives |
| 55. How is representation determined in the House of Representatives? | Population |
| 56. What are the roles of the President? | chief of state, chief of executive, chief legislator, commander in chief, chief diplomat, chief of party, chief citizen |
| 56. What are the roles of the Governor? | chief of state, chief legislator, chief administrator, party chief, commander in chief |
| 57. What is the name of the President’s annual speech to Congress? | State of the Union Address |
| 58. What are some of the powers of the legislative branch? | Legislative: makes laws of the nation, approves the annual budget, confirms presidential appointments, raises revenue through taxes and other levies, regulates interstate and foreign trade, and declares war |
| 59. What are the units of local government? | County, town city |
| Who creates the local units? | In Virginia, local subdivisions created by the General Assembly |
| 60. What is the difference between civil and criminal law? | Criminal: A court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or innocent of a misdemeanor or felony |
| 61. Which courts have jury trials? | U.S. District Court and Circuit Court |
| 62. What freedoms are guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? | religion, assembly, press, petition, speech |
| 63. How are amendments added to the U.S. Constitution? | Proposal/Action by Congress or convention, Ratification by 3/4 states |
| 64. How can the Constitution of Virginia be amended? | Proposal/Action by General Assembly or convection; Ratification by the people/voters of VA |
| 65. How does an individual become a U.S. citizen? | Birth or Naturalization |
| 66. What are the steps involved in naturalization? | Demonstrate knowledge of American history, Speak and write English |
| 67. What are the duties of citizenship? | Obey laws, Serve in the armed forces if called, Pay taxes, Serve on a jury or as a witness in court of called |
| 68. What are some responsibilities of citizens? | Register and vote, Hold elective office, Participate in political campaigns, Serve in voluntary, appointed positions |
| 69. How do citizens demonstrate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life? | Volunteer to support democratic institutions, Express concern about the welfare of the community, Help make the community good place to work and live |
| 70. What does “separation of powers” mean? | The powers of the three separated branches of national government to limit any one branch from abusing its power. |
| 71. Which officials are locally elected? | Board of supervisors, city and town council |
| 72. Which are the branches at the local level? | legislative, executive, judicial |
| 73. What is an ordinance? | a local law |
| 74. How do individuals and interest groups influence public policy? | Participating in politics, Expressing opinions, Joining interest groups, Identifying issues, Making political contributions, Lobbying government officials |
| 75. Which international issues would require local government officials to act? | Public health concerns in the event of a pandemic, Public safety in the event of an act of terrorism, Economic development policies in response to the emerging global economy, Policies to protect the environment |
| 76. What are the 3 basic economic questions all societies must answer? | What will be produced?, Who will produce it?, For whom will it be produced? |
| 77. What does “scarcity” mean? | The inability to satisfy all wants and needs due to limited resources |
| 78. Name the 4 major economic systems. | Command, Mixed, Free Market, Traditional |
| 79. What type of economy does the United States have? | Mixed Economy |
| 80. What are the 5 essential characteristics of the United States economy? | Free market, competition, profit, consumer sovereignty, private property |
| 81. What is opportunity cost? | Opportunity cost is what is given up when a choice is made (your 2nd choice). |
| 82. Define “price” | the amount of money exchanged for a good or service |
| How is price determined in the US? | It's determined by supply and demand |
| 83. Name and explain the 4 resources or factors of production. | Natural, capital, entrepreneurship, human |
| 84. Define incentives. | Incentives- motivate people to buy a product and change economic behavior (discounts, sales, coupons, BOGO) |
| 85. Define supply | the amount of a good or a service that producers are willing and able to sell at a certain price |
| define demand | the amount of good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy |
| 86. Describe production. | combining resources to make good and services |
| describe consumption | using/buying goods and services |
| 87. List and describe the 3 basic types of business ownership in the U.S. | Sole proprietorship - 1 owner, Partnership - 2 owners, Corporations - Stockholders |
| 88. How do individuals/households, businesses/producers and the government interact in the U.S. economy? | They exchange money, goods, services, and resources in a continuous circular flow |
| 89. Name 3 types of credit unions. | banks, credit unions, savings and loans |
| What do banks do? | They pay interest on saving, accept deposits, and make loans, Intermediaries between savers and borrowers. |
| What does intermediary mean? | link, go-between |
| 90. What is the role of the Federal Reserve System? | To keep the economy growing at a stable and steady rate, To control the amount of money on circulation, Bank for banks and U.S, |
| 91. What is the role of the U.S. government in protecting consumer rights and property rights? | To regulate businesses by enforcing contracts and passing laws and creating agencies |
| 92. Which amendment gave the government the authority to tax personal incomes of citizens? | 16th |
| 93. How do financial institutions encourage saving and investing? | By paying interest on saving and deposits |
| 94. What are public goods and services? | Provided by the government for the benefit of all citizens |
| 95. How do governments produce public goods and services? | Through tax revenue |
| 96. How does the government influence economic activity? | By taxing and spending (fiscal policy) |
| 97. How does the United States government promote and regulate competition? | By passing laws to discourage/prohibit monopolies, By supporting new businesses start-ups, By encouraging global trade |
| 98. Name and describe 3 executive branch government agencies that regulate businesses. | FCC- Federal Communications, Commission - regulates TV, radio, and communications, EPA- Environmental Protection agency - Protects environment, FTC- Federal Trade Commission - regulates trade |
| 99. Why do Virginia and the United States trade with other nations? | To increase wealth, To obtain products they don't make themselves |
| 100. What is the impact of technological innovation on world trade? | Technology/Internet, Contributes to the global flow of information, capital, goods and services, and technology lowers the cost production |
| 101. What is another branch of government and what does it do? | Executive: headed by president; chief executive officer of the nation, executes the laws of land, prepares the annual budget for congressional action, appoints cabinet officers, ambassadors, federal judges, and Administers the federal bureaucracy |
| 102. What is the last branch of government and what does it do? | Judicial: consists of the federal courts, including the Supreme, Court, Supreme Court exercises power of judicial review, the federal courts try cases involving federal law and questions involving interpretation of the Constitution of the U.S. |
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howellrauss
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