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Intro. to Soc. Sc.

Introduction

TermDefinition
Anthropology The study of humankind. It is the scientific study of human origin, and the physical and cultural development of humans.
Cultural Anthropology The anthropological study of past and present cultures.
Physical Anthropology The anthropological study human beings as a species; of where humans as a species come from, how our bodies evolved to their present form, and what makes humans unique.
Psychology The study of the human mind and its mental states. The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.
Sociology The study of social life, groups, and societies. It involves studying the behaviour of individuals, groups, and institutions.
Functionalist Theorist Believe that institution exist in society because they benefit their participants. They also believe that harmony is society's natural state, and institutions will continue to exist as long as they contribute to this condition.
Conflict Theorist Believe that society can be understood only by examining the way power is managed in it. They believe that society's natural state is one of chaos with a struggle due to an unequal distribution of resources.
Symbolic Interactionist Theorist Believe that people's actions and behaviour can be understood only by looking at them as individuals. They believe that the individual is the key factor.
Case Studies A research method involving a detailed account of a situation.
Testable hypothesis A theory expressed in such a way that it can be proved or disproved through research.
Survey research A set of questions used on a sample of the population to study about opinions, values, or actions.
Controlled experiments Experiments in which the conditions are established and monitored.
Participant observation The careful watching of a group, in some cases living with its members and participating in their culture.
Covertly Doing something (research) secretly without people's knowledge.
Overtly Doing something (research) openly with the knowledge of others.
Social Issue A situation or activity that is of concern to the general public.
Social Science The scientific discipline involving the organized study of people and their activities and relationships; aims to understand human society, culture, actions, attitudes, and behaviour; uses a reseach inquiry model.
Social Science Inquiry Model The formal processs that structures social research.
Control Group The group in an experiment experiencing no change in its conditions.
Validity Assessing if a research method measures what it is supposed to measure.
Reliability In research, this criteria asks,"Would the results be similar if the research were undertaken again with a different sample from the same target group?"
Generalizability In research, this criteria asks,"Can the results be applied to similar target groups?"
Causality In research, this criteria asks,"Do the results prove that the independent variable causes the dependent variable - that is, that the results are not simply a coincidence?"
Subjective A type of conclusions shaped by a person's cultural and personal perspective, feelings, and beliefs.
Objective Type of conclusions based on facts and data and uninfluenced by personal perspectives, prejudices, or emotions.
Reflexivity The practice of reflecting on your own world view, biases, and impact on the culture you are studying.
Quantitative Research The use of sampling techniques (such as consumer surveys) whose findings may be expressed numerically, and are amenable to mathematical manipulation enabling the researcher to estimate future events or quantities.
Qualitative Research Research (such as interviews & naturalistic observation)that is not simply the collecting of statistics, but which focuses on reasoning and cultural and social factors, which are researched and then analysed.
Primary Resarch The collection of original data on a topic.
Cognitive Psychology Studies the mental processes in the brain associated with memory, learning and thinking.
Marc Lepine A mass murderer who in a shooting spree, killed 14 women at Montreal's L'Ecole Polytechnique.
Created by: satecAPS
Popular Anthropology sets

 

 



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