68WM6 MaternalChild Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
what is the purpose of meiosis? | to reduce the diploid number (46) to the haploid (23) for reproduction |
how many mature ova can be produced by each oogonium? | 1 |
when does meiosis occur in the female? | partially in utero, before 30 weeks gestation, completes at fertilization |
when does meiosis occur in the male? | constantly after puberty |
how many mature spermatozoa are produced from each spermatogonium? | 4 |
where does fertilization usually occur? | distal 1/3rd of the fallopian tube |
what are the purposes of seminal fluid? | nourishment, protection, and transport of sperm to the cervix |
what three things happen when the spermatazoon enters the ovum? | 1)zona pelucida changes to prevent entrance of other sperm 2)2nd polar body is expelled from ovum 3) cell membranes break down to allow mixing of chromosomes from parents |
when is fertilization complete? | when the chromosomes complete recombination from haploid to diploid (46) |
when does implantation occur? | by the 10th day |
what are advantages of implantation in the upper uterus? | larger supply of blood, thicker uterine lining, limits blood loss during childbirth |
how is the embryo nourished before the development of the placenta? | diffusion, pinocytosis |
why is the embryo (as opposed to the fetus) particularly susceptible to damage from teratogens | because development is occuring at a rapid rate |
how does the lower respiratory tract develop? | starts as a branch of the GI tract, separates from esophagus, and then branches to form bronchus, bronchioles, and eventually alveoli |
why are the intestines contained withing the umbilical cord until the 10th week? | they develop faster than the abdominal cavity and there is not room for them |
the term for age calculated in weeks from the time of conception | fertilization age |
the term for age calculated in weeks from the last menstrual period | gestational age |
which is used more commonly, fertilization age or gestational age, and why? | gestational age because more women know when their last period was than know the exact time of conception |
what postition does the fetus assume in late pregnancy? | head down |
thick whitish substance secreted by fetus to protect skin from prolonged contact with amniotic fluid | vernix |
soft, downy hair that helps adhere vernix to the skin | lanugo |
heat producing fat stored in back of neck, behind sternum, and around kidneys to help regulate temperature in neonates | brown fat |
lubricant produced in the lung that prevents the collapse of alveoli; important in determining viability of the fetus in case of early delivery | surfactant |
which function takes over the endocrine functions of the corpus luteum during pregnancy | placenta |
what happens in the intervillous spaces of the placenta? | exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste |
why should fetal and maternal blood not mix? | non compatible blood types can result in sensitization of mother and spontaneous abortion of subsequent pregnancies |
what factors allow the fetus to thrive in a low oxygen environment? | more effecient hemoglobin, higher hct and hgb, lower CO2 in fetal blood |
causes corpus luteum to persist for 6-8 weeks and causes fetal testes to secrete testosterone | hCG |
promotes fetal growth and nutrition, decreases maternal sensitivity to insulin, and promotes maternal breast development for lactation | human placental lactogen |
promotes enlargement of the uterus and breasts as well as the ductal system of the breasts and the external genitalia | estrogen |
promotes changes in endometrium to allow pregnancy, reduces muscle contractions in the uterus to prevent spontaneous abortion, and may promote immune tolerance in the mother to allow pregnancy | progesterone |
what is the purpose of the fetal membranes? | to contain amniotic fluid |
what are the functions of amniotic fluid? | protection, cushioning, temperature stability, promote symmetric development, prevent membranes from adhering to fetus |
shunts oxygenated blood from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava | ductus venosus |
shunts blood from right to left atrium | foramen ovale |
shunts blood from right ventricle directly into the aorta | ductus arteriosus |
carry oxygenated blood from placenta to fetal circulation | umbilical veins |
carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta | umbilical arteries |
key sign of threatened abortion | bleeding |
key signs of inevitable abortion | cervical dilation and membrane rupture (evidenced by loss of amniotic fluid) |
causes of spontaneous abortion | genetic/chromosomal abnormalities; incompetent cervix; bicornuate uterus; hormonal deficiencies; immunologic factors; systemic disease (diabetes mellitus, lupus); Rh incompatibility |
appropriate nursing interventions for grief following spontaneous abortion | listening, acceptance, provide information |
inappropriate initiation of clotting factors caused by a variety of factors during pregnancy | DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) |
causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation | abruptio placentae, missed abortion, crossover of thromboplastin from placenta, endothelial damage (preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome), sepsis, amniotic fluid embolism |
how is disseminated intravascular coagulation treated | supportive treatment until underlying cause can be corrected |
known as a "disaster of reproduction" because if undetected it can lead to death or subsequent infertility | ectopic pregnancy |
causes of increased rates of ectopic pregnancy in the united states | increased rates of pelvic infection, inflammation, and surgery |
how is ectopic precnancy treated? | methotrexate to prevent cell division at early stages, linear salpingostomy to remove pregnancy, or salpingectomy if too far progressed |
abnormal trophoblast development with or without partial fetus | hydatiform mole |
what are the two phases of treatment for molar pregnancy? | evacuation of abnormal tissue, continuous followup to detect malignant changes |
what is the most common sign of placenta previa | painless uterine bleeding |
how is placenta previa diagnosed | ultrasound |
treatment of placenta previa | bedrest, pt teaching (of warning signs), delivery by c section in placenta is completely blocking the cervix |
bleeding, uterine tenderness, contractions, abdominal or low back pain, and high uterine resting tone are signs of | abruptio placentae |
major concerns with placental abruption include | maternal hemorrhage, fetal death |
uncontrollable vomiting resulting in weight loss, dehydration, acid/base/electrolyte imbalances, low vitamin k (coagulation disorders) and low thiamine (encephalopathy) | hyperemisis gravidarum |
hyperemisis gravidarum begins before what week of pregnancy | 20th |
what are the goals of hyperemesis gravidarum management? | maintain hydration and nutrition |
BP greater than 140/90 with proteinuria beginning after the 20th week of pregnancy | preeclampsia |
BP greater than 140/90 with proteinuria beginning after the the 20th week of pregnancy and resulting in seizures | eclampsia |
BP greater than 140/90 without proteinuria beginning after 20th week of pregnancy | gestational hypertension |
BP greater than 140/90 existing before pregnancy or manifesting before 20th week | chronic hypertension |
preexisting hypertension with proteinuria that develops or increases significantly after the 20th week | preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension |
results in decreased placental circulation, decreased O2 availability to fetus, decreased nutrient and waste exchange in placenta | vasospasm |
is reduced activity beneficial after diagnosis of preeclampsia | yes, lying down for periods during the day reduces pressure on the vena cava and increases cardiac return leading to better perfusion |
causes decreased cranial perfusion, altered mental status, and seizures in mother | vasospasm |
what is the primary adverse effect of magnesium sulfate? | CNS depression, resulting in respiratory depression |
the antidote to magnesium sulfate | calcium gluconate |
possible complications of eclampsia | HELLP, DIC, abruptio placentae |
what assesments should be frequently completed on mother with preeclampsia? | DTR, vitals, chest auscultation, edema evaluation, protein in urine, daily weights |
what is the preferred medical management of seizures during pregnancy | magnesium sulfate |
what are some nursing interventions appropriate for a woman with preeclampsia? | calm, quiet, relaxing environment with minimal light and sound, limit visitation, avoid disturbing when possible |
causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation | abruptio placentae, missed abortion, crossover of thromboplastin from placenta, endothelial damage (preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome), sepsis, amniotic fluid embolism |
causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation | abruptio placentae, missed abortion, crossover of thromboplastin from placenta, endothelial damage (preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome), sepsis, amniotic fluid embolism |
how is disseminated intravascular coagulation treated | supportive treatment until underlying cause can be corrected |
causes of increased rates of ectopic pregnancy in the united states | increased rates of pelvic infection, inflammation, and surgery |
known as a "disaster of reproduction" because if undetected it can lead to death or subsequent infertility | ectopic pregnancy |
causes of increased rates of ectopic pregnancy in the united states | increased rates of pelvic infection, inflammation, and surgery |
abnormal trophoblast development with or without partial fetus | hydatiform mole |
how is ectopic precnancy treated? | methotrexate to prevent cell division at early stages, linear salpingostomy to remove pregnancy, or salpingectomy if too far progressed |
what is the most common sign of placenta previa | painless uterine bleeding |
abnormal trophoblast development with or without partial fetus | hydatiform mole |
how is placenta previa diagnosed | ultrasound |
what are the two phases of treatment for molar pregnancy? | evacuation of abnormal tissue, continuous followup to detect malignant changes |
treatment of placenta previa | bedrest, pt teaching (of warning signs), delivery by c section in placenta is completely blocking the cervix |
what is the most common sign of placenta previa | painless uterine bleeding |
bleeding, uterine tenderness, contractions, abdominal or low back pain, and high uterine resting tone are signs of | abruptio placentae |
how is placenta previa diagnosed | ultrasound |
major concerns with placental abruption include | maternal hemorrhage, fetal death |
treatment of placenta previa | bedrest, pt teaching (of warning signs), delivery by c section in placenta is completely blocking the cervix |
uncontrollable vomiting resulting in weight loss, dehydration, acid/base/electrolyte imbalances, low vitamin k (coagulation disorders) and low thiamine (encephalopathy) | hyperemisis gravidarum |
bleeding, uterine tenderness, contractions, abdominal or low back pain, and high uterine resting tone are signs of | abruptio placentae |
major concerns with placental abruption include | maternal hemorrhage, fetal death |
BP greater than 140/90 with proteinuria beginning after the 20th week of pregnancy | preeclampsia |
uncontrollable vomiting resulting in weight loss, dehydration, acid/base/electrolyte imbalances, low vitamin k (coagulation disorders) and low thiamine (encephalopathy) | hyperemisis gravidarum |
BP greater than 140/90 with proteinuria beginning after the the 20th week of pregnancy and resulting in seizures | eclampsia |
hyperemisis gravidarum begins before what week of pregnancy | 20th |
BP greater than 140/90 without proteinuria beginning after 20th week of pregnancy | gestational hypertension |
what are the goals of hyperemesis gravidarum management? | maintain hydration and nutrition |
BP greater than 140/90 with proteinuria beginning after the 20th week of pregnancy | preeclampsia |
BP greater than 140/90 with proteinuria beginning after the the 20th week of pregnancy and resulting in seizures | eclampsia |
BP greater than 140/90 without proteinuria beginning after 20th week of pregnancy | gestational hypertension |
BP greater than 140/90 existing before pregnancy or manifesting before 20th week | chronic hypertension |
causes decreased cranial perfusion, altered mental status, and seizures in mother | vasospasm |
preexisting hypertension with proteinuria that develops or increases significantly after the 20th week | preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension |
what is the primary adverse effect of magnesium sulfate? | CNS depression, resulting in respiratory depression |
results in decreased placental circulation, decreased O2 availability to fetus, decreased nutrient and waste exchange in placenta | vasospasm |
the antidote to magnesium sulfate | calcium gluconate |
is reduced activity beneficial after diagnosis of preeclampsia | yes, lying down for periods during the day reduces pressure on the vena cava and increases cardiac return leading to better perfusion |
possible complications of eclampsia | HELLP, DIC, abruptio placentae |
causes decreased cranial perfusion, altered mental status, and seizures in mother | vasospasm |
what assesments should be frequently completed on mother with preeclampsia? | DTR, vitals, chest auscultation, edema evaluation, protein in urine, daily weights |
what is the primary adverse effect of magnesium sulfate? | CNS depression, resulting in respiratory depression |
the antidote to magnesium sulfate | calcium gluconate |
possible complications of eclampsia | HELLP, DIC, abruptio placentae |
what assesments should be frequently completed on mother with preeclampsia? | DTR, vitals, chest auscultation, edema evaluation, protein in urine, daily weights |
what are some precautions that can help prevent injury during a seizure? | pad side rails, have O2 and suction on hand |
what is the preferred medical management of seizures during pregnancy | magnesium sulfate |
what are some nursing interventions appropriate for a woman with preeclampsia? | calm, quiet, relaxing environment with minimal light and sound, limit visitation, avoid disturbing when possible |
what are some precautions that can help prevent injury during a seizure? | pad side rails, have O2 and suction on hand |
what are some signs and symptoms of magnesium toxicity? | decreased respirations, decreased SPO2, absent deep tendon reflexes, sweating and flushing |
what is the antidote for magnesium? | calcium gluconate |
what does HELLP stand for? | Hemolysis, Elevated liver enzymes, Low platelets |
what is the perferred medication for HTN during pregnancy? | methyldopa (Aldomet) |
if methyldopa is ineffective, what classes of medication can be used to prevent HTN during pregnancy? | beta blockers and calcium channel blockers |
what is a vassodialator used for HTN crisis during pregnancy? | hydralazine |
which diuretics are considered safe to use during pregnancy? | thyazide diuretics |
who receives Rhogan followed by or during pregnancy? | all RH negative mothers |
how can an ABO incapability effect the fetus? | results in hemolysis resulting in jaundice in newborn |
why is ABO incapability not as serious as RH incapability during pregnancy? | ABO antibodies do not cross the placenta very easily |
which is more likely to cause birth defects, gestational diabetes or prepregnancy diabetes? | prepregnancy diabetes |
what is the gold standard for diabetes diagnosis? | oral glucose tolerance test |
why do many heart defects do not manifest until pregnancy? | increased cardiovascular workload |
two major categories of heart disease during pregnancy | congenital and rhuematic |
during labor the nurse should be cautious about administration of fluid to a patient with heart disease for what reason? | fluid overload during contractions can lead to congestive heart failure |
how much blood is added to intravascular volume following placenta delivery? | 500ml |
the supplement helps prevent anemia during pregnancy | iron |
a deficency in this can lead to maternal magaloblastic anemia and nuero tube defects in the fetus? | folic acid |
Created by:
ewoff85
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