Worsham Anatomy Q1 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
The study of the structure of the human body | Anatomy |
Physiology | The study of body function |
What we can view with the eye | Gross anatomy |
microscopic anatomy | requires a microscope |
Cytology | The study of the cells |
The study of tissues | Histology |
systemic anatomy | When all the organs with related functions are studied together |
Regional anatomy | When all the organs in an area are studied together reguardless of function |
Pathological anatomy | Involves structural changes in cells, tissues, and organs caused by disease. Structural changes can result in change in function. |
Topographical anatomy | Study of shapes and markings on the surface of the body that reveal underlying organs. |
superior | towards the head |
inferior | towards the feet |
anterior (ventral) | towards the front |
posterior (dorsal) | towards the back |
medial | the middle of the body |
latheral | a side or away from the middle |
intermediate | between the middle and side/between two other points of referance |
proximal | closer to the point of attachment |
distal | farther from the point of attachment |
superficial | towards or at the surface |
deep | away from the surface |
peripheral | outer edges of a region or structure |
central | center of a region or structure |
bilateral symmetry | on both sides |
Axial | The main axis of the body such as the head neck and trunk |
appendicular | the limbs |
cervical | neck |
acromial | point of shoulder |
antecubital | front of elbow |
antebrachial | forearm |
pollex | thumb |
patellar | anterior knee |
tarsal | ankle & foot |
orbital | eyes |
buccal | check |
mental | chin |
sternal | breast bone |
thoracic | chest |
umbilical | navel |
inguinal | groin |
femoral | thigh |
halluxd | great toe |
vertebral | spinal column |
olecranal | back of elbow |
sacral | between hips |
popliteal | back of knee |
calcaneal | heel |
plantar | sole |
frontal (coronal) plane | vertical division of the body front and back |
transverse (cross) | horizontal division of the body top and bottom |
sagittal | vertical division of the body left and right sides |
medsagittal (median) | vertical division of the body down the middle in left and right sides, only one |
dorsal body cavity is composed of | crainal cavity and vertebral cavity |
the brain is housed in | the cranial cavity |
the spinal cord is housed in | the vertebral cavity |
the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity make up | the ventral body cavity |
the thoracic cavity containes | the lungs, esospagus, trachea, and the heart |
the abdominopelvic cavity is divided in ____ cavities | two, abdominal and pelvic cavities |
the liver, stomach, and kidneys are located in the | abdominal cavity |
the pelvic cavity contains | bladder, rectum and some reproductive organs |
The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are divided by | the diaphram |
The lungs are each contained in | pleural cavities, which are serous cavities |
the esophagus and trachea are contained in | the mediastinum |
the heart is contained in | pericardial cavity, which is a serous cavity |
the _______ serous cavity surrounds some of the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity | peritoneal |
perietal serosa | the out most layer of the serous cavities |
visceral serosa | the inner most layer of the serous cavities that lays directly on top of the organ |
serous fluid | the liquid between the perietal and vesceral layers than fills the cavity to provide lubrication for smooth movement |
structural changes can result in | change in function |
amino acids are the building blocks of | proteins |
lipids are | fats |
nucleic acids contain | DNA & RNA |
retro-parietal | behind or outside the parietal cavity |
there are ____ abdominal regions or ____ abdominal quadrants | nine, four |
when the abdomen is divided into regions where are the sagittal planes | just medial to each nipple |
when the abdomen is divided into regions where do the transverse planes run | superior transverse runs at the bottom of the rib cage and anterior tranverse cuts at the top of the hip bones |
when dividing the abdomen into quadrants where do the sagittal and transverse planes meet | at the umbillicus |
name the center regions | Epigastric region, Unbilical region and hypogastric region |
what are the six outer regions | right/left hypochondriac regions, right/left lumbar regions, and right/left iliac (inguinal) regions |
smallest living unit in your body | cell |
tissue | groups of cells similar is size, shape & function |
what is the function of the plasma membrane | degines the extent of the cell and protects it by determining which substances enter or leave the cell |
endocytosis | moving of substains into the cell |
exocytosis | moving of substains out of the cell |
mitochondria | "powerhouse" for the cell, generates of the cells energy, it is the most complex organelle |
storage form of energy produced by the cell is | ATP |
ribosomes | constructed of proteins & ribosomal RNA (rRNA) it is the site of potein synthesis |
endoplasmic reticulum | "network within the cytoplasm" |
rough ER | ribosomes stud the external surfaces, the cells membrane factory, secretory proteins, and digestive enzymes |
smooth ER | consists of tubules in a branching network, not ribosomes attached, lipid metabolism, stores ionic calcium |
what does ionic calcium do | acts as a signal for the beginning of many cellular events |
golgi apparatus | a stack of 3 to 10 disk-shaped envelopes that sort products of rough ER & sends them to the proper destination, AKA the post office |
nucleus | control center of the cell, where the DNA is, surrounded by a nuclear membrane AKA a nuclear envelope |
epithelium tissue is for | covering and lining |
connective tissue is for | support |
muscle tissue is for | movement |
nervous tissue is for | control/communication |
what are the different types of epithelium tissues | simple and stratified |
simple epithelium tissues have | 1 layer |
stratified epithelium tissues have | more then 1 layer |
shape of the epithelium cells is determinded by the | apical (outer layer of tissue) |
squamous | cells are wider than tall (plate-like) |
cuboidal | cells are as wide as tall, like cubes |
columnar | cells are taller then they are wide, like columns |
exocrine gland | 1 or more ducts that carry products to the epithelial surface or into a body cavity |
mucus-secreting glands, sweat & oil glands, salivary glands, the liver and pancreas are examples of | exocrine glands |
endocrine gland | ductless gland, secretes substances directly into the bloodstream and produce molecules (hormones) |
heterocrine gland | functions as both exocrine and endocrine glands |
the pancreas is an example of a | heterocrine |
epidermis | superficial stratified squamous epithelial tissue, supported by the dermis |
dermis | deep connective tissue with 2 layers that supports epidermis |
keratinocytes | most abundant, produces the protein keratin |
keratin | tough fibrous protein, gives the epidermis its protective properties |
Merkel cells | sensory nerve endings and receptors for touch |
melanocytes | produce melanin (skin pigment) |
Langerhans cells | part of the immune system; use endocytosis to take up foreign proteins (antigens)or invaders |
hypodermis | lies deep to the dermis and is NOT considered part of the skin. |
superficial fascia and subcutaneous layer are other names for | hypodermis |
what type of tissue does the hypodermis have | areolar and adipose connective tissues, mostly adipose tissue |
what is the function of the hypodermis | stores fats, anchor the skin to underlying strutures, and insulates the body |
sebaceous glands are ______ glands, that produce _____ which is an oily substance and also a holocrine secretion. | exocrine, sebum |
holocrine secretion | entire cell breaks up to form product |
sudoriferous glands are ______ that produce _____ | exocrine, sweat |
eccrine glands | the most numberous of sweat glands and products true sweat, 99% water |
apocrine glands are located | axillary, anal & genital areas |
apocrine glands open into a hair follicle and produces sweat with | fatty substances, proteins, with bacteria and causes body odor |
which is larger, eccrine glands or apocrine glands | apocrine glands |
nails are made from | hard keratin |
hair is made of | hard keratin |
where is a nails root and shaft? | root is imbedded in the skin and the shaft projects above the skin's surface |
how many total cassified bones are in the human body | 206 |
how many bones are in the axial skeleton | 80 |
name the crainal bones and are they paired or unpaired | temporal-2, parietal-2, fontal-1, occipital-1, ethmoind-1, spheniod-1 |
name the facial bones and are they paired or unpaired | maxillary-2, zygomatic-2, lacrimal-2, nasal-2, palatine-2, inferiornasal conchae-2, mandible-1, vomer-1 |
name the six ear ossicles | malleus-2, incus-2, stapes-2 |
what does the hyoid bone articulate with | nothing, it is the only bone that does not directly articulate with any other bones |
what are the 5 sections of the vertibrae and how many bones are in each | cervical-7, thoracic-12, lumbar-5, sacrum-1, coccyx-1 |
how are the ribs written in shorthand | cervical C1-C7, thoracic T1-T12, lumbar L1-L5 |
how many true ribs are there, how many false, of the false how many are floating | 14 true, 10 false, 4 floating |
the ribs articulate with the | sternum |
how many regions does the sternum have and name them | 3-manubrium, body, xiphiod process |
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton | 126 |
the pectoral girdle is made up of what bones and how many of each are there | clavical-2 and scapula-2 |
how many arm bones are there and name it/them | 2-humerus |
name the bones of the forearm and how many of each | ulna-2, radius-2 |
name the carpals and how many | scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate-2 of each |
how many metacarpals are there and how are they named | there are 10, numbered 1-5 from pollex to pinky |
how many phalanges are in the hands, how are they identified | 28-numbered 1-5 from pollex to pinky, each has a proxmial, middle & distal segment except the pollex which only has a proximal and distal segment |
what is the pelvic girdle made up of | 2-os coxae |
name the thigh bones | 2-femur |
what is the knee cap called | patella |
how many tarsals are there and name them | 14-talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform |
how many metatarsals are there and how are they named | 10-numbered 1-5 from hallux to baby toe |
how many phalanges are in the feet and how are they identified | 28-number 1-5 from hallux to baby toe, each has a proximal, middle, distal segment except the hallux which only has a proximal and distal segment |
what are the 3 types of cartilage | hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage |
which is the most abundant, glass-like cartilage | hyaline |
where is hyaline cartilage found | ends of long bones, costal (ribcage), between the vertabrae |
which cartilage contains many elastic fibers and is able to tolerate repeated bending | elastic cartilage |
where is elastic cartilage found | ear and eppiglotus |
which cartilage resist strong compression and strong tension. | fibrocartilage |
where is fibrocartilage found | intervert. discs, pubic symphysis & menicus (knee) |
what are the classifications of bones | flat, long, short, irregular |
describe flat bones, give examples | thin & flattened & usually curved, such as sternum, crainal bones, ribs & scapula |
describe long bones, give examples | longer then wide with a shaft & ends, such as arms, legs, fingers, toes |
describe short bones, give examples | roughly cube-shaped, such as carpals, tarsals, patella (which is also a sesamoid bone) |
describe irregular bones, give examples | various shapes that do not fit into other categories, such as vertebrae, hip bones, ethmiod |
compact bone | dense out layer |
spongy bone (cancellous/trabecular) | inernal network of bone |
osteocytes | mature bone cells; spider-shaped |
lucanae | small cavities in the solid matrix occupied by osteocytes |
canaliculi | thin tubes occupied by the "spider legs" of the osteocytes |
diaphysis | shaft of a bone |
epiphysis | ends of a bone |
epiphyseal line | hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone |
medually cavity | hollow cavity in the shaft of the bone filled with yellow marrow |
periosteum | fibrous membrane that covers the external surfaces of bones except at their articular surfaces |
endosteum | membrane lining the medually cavity of bone & other inner bone surfaces |
osteon (Haversian system) | microscopic bone unit of compact bone, consisting of Haversian canals & the surrounding lamellae; long cylindrical structures oriented parallel to the long axis of the bone |
Haversian canal (central canal) | runs through the core of each osteon; is lined by endosteum; contains blood vessels which provide nutrients to the bone cells & nerve fibers |
Volkmann's canals (perforating canals) | lie at a right angle to the central canals & connect the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the central canals & the marrow cavity |
lemella | a layer of bone matrix in which the collagen fibers & mineral crystals align & run in a single direction, fibers & crystals of adjacent lamellae alway run in roughly opposite directions |
what is the site of blood cell formatin | red marrow (hematopoiesis) |
hematopoiesis | site in red bone marrow where blood cells are formed |
what sutures border the parietal bones | coronal, squamous, sagittal, lambdoid |
what is the squamous region of the temporal bones | plate-shaped region that abuts the squamous suture |
what is the zygomatic process of the temporal bones | bar-like projection that projects anteriorly from the temperal bone to meet the zygomatic bone of the face |
what is the mandibular fossa of the temporal bones | located on the inferior surgace of the zyugomatic process and receives the mandible |
what is the tympanic region of the temporal bones | surrounds the external auditory meatus |
what is the external auditory meatus of the temporal bones | external ear canal where sound enters the ear |
what is the styloid process of the temporal bones | projects inferiorly from the tympanic region |
what is the mastoid region of the temporal bones | breast-shaped region located just posterior to the tympanic region |
what is the projection located in the mastoid region called | mastoid process |
what are mastoid air cells (sinuses) of the temporal bones | air sinuses which lie just posterior to the middle ear cavity |
what is the petrous region of the temporal bones | projects medially and contributes to the crainal base; bony wedge between the occipiatl bone posteriorly & sphenoid bone anteriorly |
what is the carotid canal and where is it found | internal carotid artery passes through this opening on the temporal bones |
what is the jugular foramen and where is it found | internal jugular vein passes through this opening on the temporal bones |
what bone forms the forehead & roofs of the orbits | frontal bone |
what is the supraorbital margin | sperior margin of each orbit |
what is the superciliary arch | formed by the supraorbital margin and is located just deep to our eyebrows, more dominate in men then women |
what is the glabella | smooth part of the frontal bone between the superciliary arches in the midline |
what is the frontal eminence | 2 rounded prominecnes one on each side of the frontal bone; where the forehead turns backward to become the anterior portion of the crown of the head. Widest measurement of the anterior part of the skull |
what is the frontal sinus | regions of the frontal bone lateral to the glabella containing the air-filled frontal sinuses (part of the paranasal sinuses) |
what bone forms the posterior portion of the cranium and cranial base | occipital bone |
what are the occipital condyles | the part of the occipital bone that articulates with the atlas and enables us to shake our head "yes" |
what is the formanen magnum | large hole in the base of the occipital bone where the inferior part of the brain connects with the spinal cord |
what are the external occipital portaberance | a knob in the midline of the occipiatl bone at the junction of the base & posterior wall of the skull |
where is the sphenoid bone | facial bone that is the width of the crainal floor, resembles a butterfly or bat |
what is the sella turcica on the sphenoid bone | saddle-shaped pominence on the superior surface of the body; seat of the saddle is called the hypohyphseal fossa which holds the pituitary gland |
where are the sphenoid sinuses located | within the sphenoid body; paired sinuses-part of the paranasal sinuses |
where si the ethmoid bone | lies between the nasal & sphenoid bones, forms most of the medial bony regin between the nasal cavity & orbits |
what and where is the cribriform plate | superior surface f the ethmoid bone is formed by paired, horizontal cribriform plates, they contribute to the roof of the nasal cavity & floor of the anterior cranial fossa; tiny filaments of crainial nerve & oflactory nerve pass through |
what is the crista galli | between the 2 bribriform plates, in the midline, helps to secure the brain within the cranial cavity |
what is the perpendicular plate | projects inferiorly in the median plane; forms the superior part of the nasal septum |
ethmoid sinuses | part of the paranasal sinuses |
what are the superior nasal conchae and the middle nasal conchae | extend medially form the lateral masses & protrude into the nasal cavity |
what is the largest and strongest facial bone | mandible |
the ramii and body are the parts of the | mandible |
what is the mandibular angle | angle formed by the junction of the inferior edge of the body and the posterior edge of the ramus |
what is the mental protuberance or eminence | tip of the chin |
what is the alveolar porcess (margin) | superior border of the body of the mandible and the maxillary bones; tooth sockets/alveoli |
what are the maxillary bones | makes up the middle of the face & articulates with all other facial bones except the mandible |
what is the palatine process | projects medially form the alveolar process to form the anterior region of the hard palate |
what are the maxillary sinuses | largest paranasal sinuses |
what are the zygomatic bones | form the lateral walls of the orbits and the cheecks |
what is the temporal process | extends back to meet the zygomatic arch |
what are the frontal processes | extends up to meet the frontal bone on either side of the nasal cavity |
the bridge of the nose is formed by | the nasal bones |
what is the bone located in the medial orbital walls | lacrimal bone |
complete the posterior part of teh hard palate | palatine bones |
forms the inferior part of the nasal septum | vomer |
inferior nasal conchae | thin, curved bones that project medially to form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
what is C1 | atlas |
what is C2 | axis |
where do the atlas and axis articulate | the dens (odontoid process) |
where are the dens located | on the superior side of teh axis on the anterior side |
all the ribs articulate with | the thoracic vertebrae |
which section of the vertebrae support the majority of the body weight | lumbar |
what forms the posterior wall of the pelvis and is formed by 5 fused vertebrae | sacrum |
what is the tailbone that is formed by 3-5 fused vertebrae | coccyx |
cervical curvature | concave |
thoracic curvature | convex |
lumbar curvature | concave |
sacral curvature | convex |
which end of the clavicles articulate with the sternum | sternal ends |
which end of the clavicles articulate with the scapula | acromial ends |
what is the glenoid cavity | where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula |
what is the coracoid process | bony projection of the scapula that functions as an attachment for muscles that move the arm |
what is the bony ridge on the posterior side of the scapula that is an attachment for muscles | spinous process |
trochlea | at the distal end of the humerus, it's the medial condyle that articulates with the ulna |
capitulum | at the distal end of the humerus, lateral condyle that articulates with the radius |
olecranon fossa | at the distal end on the posterior side of the humerus, receives the olecranon process of the ulna when the forearm is fully flexed |
cornoid fossa | at the distal end on the anerior side of the humerus, recieves the cornoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed |
what are the radioulnar joints | joints at the proximal and distial ends of the ulna and radius, where they articulate at the radial notch |
smooth depression of the lateral side of the proximal end of the ulna, where it articulates with the head of the radius | radial notch |
what is the deep cup that holds the head of the femur | acetabulum |
what are the large flaring bones of the hips | ileum |
what is the strongest part of the hip bones that bears most of our weight when sitting | ischeum |
obturator foramen | large hole between the pubis and ischeum |
pubic symphysis | fibrocartilage at the midline where the 2 public bones joins |
pubic arch | the arch inferior to the pubic symphysis |
articulates with the patella at the distal end of the femur | patellar surface |
artticulates with the medial side of the tibia | medial condyle |
articualtes with the lateral side of the tibia | lateral condyle |
patella | short bone (sesamoid bone) that is enclosed in a tendon |
what forms the medial bulge of the ankle | medial malleolus |
what contributes to the stability of the ankle joint | lateral malleolus |
Created by:
1157564676
Popular Anatomy sets