Chapter 6 Muscles Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Contractility | to shorten with force |
Excitability | to respond to a stimulus |
Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
Elasticity | ability to recoil |
Epimysium | surrounds each skeletal muscle |
Fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
Perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds fasciculi or fascicle |
Fibers | single muscle cells that fasciculi is made up of |
Endomysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber |
Myofibrils | this threadlike like structure fills the cytoplasm of each fiber |
Actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments that resemble 2 minute strands of pearls |
Myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments that resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
Sarcomeres | joined end to end to form the myofibril |
Resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
Action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
Motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
Neuromuscular junction | branch that connects to the muscle |
Synapse | near the center of the cell |
Motor unit | single motor neuron that innervates muscle fibers |
Presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
Synaptic cleft | space between presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
Post synaptic terminal | the muscle fiber |
Synaptic vesicles | secrete a neurotransmitter |
Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter that is secreted |
Acetylcholinesterase | enzymatic breakdown |
Sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments during contraction |
Muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
Threshold | when the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
All-or-none response | the phenomenon |
Lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
Contraction phase | time of contraction |
Relaxation phase | time during when the muscle relaxes |
Tetany | where the muscle stays contracted without relaxing |
Recruitment | increase in the number of motor units being activated |
Creatine phosphate | high- energy molecule |
Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
Aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
Oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid |
Muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced |
Isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount tension increases during the contraction process |
Isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. |
Muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by the muscles of the body |
Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly, well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism. |
Slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue, they are more suited for aerobic metabolism. |
Origin | (head) the most stationary end of the muscle |
Insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
Belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
Antagonists | muscles that work against eachother |
Prime mover | among a group of synergists, one muscle plays a major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
Occipitofrontalis | raise the eyebrows |
Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and cause "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin |
Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
Buccinator | flattens the cheeks, also known as the trumpeter's muscle |
Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
Levator labii superioris | sneering |
Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
Mastication | chewing, 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | changes the shape of the tongue |
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | move the tongue |
Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prim mover |
Platysma | sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck |
Erector Spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect |
External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing, dome shaped muscle, aids in breathing |
Abdominal wall muscles | the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the vertebral column |
Trapezius | rotates scapula |
Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. "Swimmer muscles" |
Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb |
Triceps brachii | extends the forearm, occupies the posterior compartment of the arm |
Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm, occupies the anterior compartment of the arm |
Brachialis | flexes forearm |
Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
Flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
Extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
Gluteus maximus | buttocks, contributes most of the mass of the buttocks |
Gluteus medius | hip muscle and common injection site |
Quadriceps femoris | extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles |
Sartorius | "tailors muscle"; flexes the thigh |
Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
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