Anatomy Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
Epimysium | connective tissue sheath |
Fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium, it surrounds and separates muscles |
Perimysium | loose connective tissue |
Fibers | fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells |
Endomysium | fibers surrounded by a connective tissue stealth |
myofibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
actin myofilaments | type of protein fiber, they resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together |
myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
sarcomeres | actin and myosin myofilaments from highly ordered units |
resting membrane potential | charge across membrane |
action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
neuromuscular junction | each branch that connects to the muscle |
synapse | near the center of the cell |
motor unit | a single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
presynaptic terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber in the between the presynaptic terminal |
synaptic vesicles | each presynaptic terminal contains this |
acetylcholine | that secrete neurotransmitter |
acetylcholinesterase | it's released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by enzymes |
sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more fibers |
threshold | a muscle fiber that will not respond to stimulus reaches a level |
all-or-none response | threshold phenonmenon |
lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
contraction phase | the time of contraction the time during which |
relaxation phase | time during which the muscle relaxes |
tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
recruitment | the increase in the number of motor units being activated |
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | needed for energy for muscle contraction |
ATP is produced by | mitochondria |
ATP is short-lived and | unstable |
It degenerates to the more stable ADP plus | Phosphate |
creatine phosphate | can store high energy molecule |
anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced |
isometric | length of muscle does not change, but amount of tension increases during contraction process |
isotonic | amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction but the length of the muscle changes |
muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body for a long period of time |
fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
slow-twitch fibers | contact more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
origin (head) | most stationary end of the muscle |
insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
belly | where the portion of muscle between the origin and the insertion |
some muscles have | multiple origins or head |
synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
most muscles have names that are | descriptive |
some muscles are named according to | location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion and function, etc. |
occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye |
orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
levator labii supererioris | sneering |
62 buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
orbicularis oris and buccinator | kissing muscles |
depressor anguli | frowning |
intrinsic tongue muscle | change shape of tongue |
extrinsic tongue muscle | move the tongue |
sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
erector spinae | group of muscle and prime mover. |
external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
trapezius | rotates scapula |
serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
Created by:
drewcyrus_
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