FSHN 459- Unit 2 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
weight just after birth (1st week) | 6-10% 1st day, 1st week get back to BW |
4-6 months growth | 2x BW |
6-12 months growth | rate slows |
12 months growth | 3x BW |
12 months length | increase by 50% |
when use WHO growth charts? | 0-2 years |
when use CDC growth charts? | >2 years |
growth charts are based on (4) | weight for age, weight for length, length for age, head circumference |
0-2 percentile weight for length | underweight |
2-5 percentile weight for length | at risk of underweight |
5-98 percentile weight for length | healthy weight for length |
98+ percentile weight for length | overweight |
feeding as a developmental opportunity | mealtime stimulates language development |
infant reflexes | controlled by CNS; root/suckle/suck |
suckle | tongue movements |
root | touch baby's cheek, it turns head and opens mouth |
infant motor skill development order | top down, central to peripheral |
infant motor skills influence what? | ability to feed, amount of calories expended |
infant sensorimotor development example | putting things in mouth |
cognitive development infancy- why important? | need social and emotional stimulation to maximize brain maturation |
holding/physical contact with babies | important for cognitive development |
digestive system development newborns | swallowed amniotic fluid stimulates intestine, levels of enzymes increase with time |
fats infancy | short and medium chain more readily utilized than long chain, but limited conversion PUFA (should be provided) |
why essential fats are important for infants | EPA: substates, DHA: immunologic/phospolipids in retina and brain, energy |
iron in infants | supplemental for exclusively BF infants |
lead infants | interferes with calcium and iron absorption, slowed growth |
thrifty hypothesis | perinatal food deprivation and adult incidence of obesity, TIIDM, HT, CVD |
predictive adaptive response | LBW show catch-up during 1st year- exacerbates diseases later in life |
weaning from BM/HMS | 12-24 months, introduce water via cup at 6-8 months |
food allergies and intolerances infancy | don't avoid foods (except under 1 year) |
organic failure to thrive | inadequate wt or ht from a health problem |
inorganic failure to thrive | environmental cause |
Inappropriate early nutrition leads to | abnormal adipose tissue distribution, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, high BP |
Preterm infants are at risk for | suboptimal neurodevelopment etc |
Correction for gestational age | substract gestational age at birth from 40 |
Born at 28 weeks corrected age | 3 months preterm (12 wks), so subtract 3 months form actual age |
VLBW/ELBW infants | need respiratory support/GI tract problems |
Enteral feeding | intestinal |
Parenteral feeding | IV etc |
Gavage feeding | tube from mouth or nose into stomach (ideal b/c want to use as much of GI tract as possible) |
Gastrostomy feeding | directly into stomach |
Jejunostomy feeding | directly into jejunum |
Elevated preterm nutrient requirements (what stores are low)? | fat/glycogen, Ca, P, Fe, fat soluble vitamins |
Forms of protein for preterm infants | may need hydrolyzed or single AAs |
Fats preterm | 55% of kcal, supplement w/ MCT oil (don’t need bile) |
Supplemental fats preterm | essential and MCT |
Vitamins/minerals preterm | need >DRI (not provided in BM) |
Preterm infant formulas | extra vitamins/minerals and extra calories |
Preterm/bone mass | most rapid bone growth in 3rd trimester (at risk for low bone mass) |
Non-nutritive effect of BM on bone development | maybe immunologic benefits |
Why iron not in human milk fortifier | creates ROS |
Measuring height of toddlers | <2 recumbent; >2 standing |
When do growth charts change | 24 months (WHO==>CDC) |
STRONG kids program | 1st 6 months associated w/ picky eating in early childhood |
No picky eaters | parents enable picky eating behavior |
Parent provides (5) | regular schedule, child-size portions, variety of food, limited distractions, family mealtime |
Child decides | what to eat, how much to eat, whether or not to eat |
Recommended toddler food intake | 1TBSP per year of age; regular but flexible |
Food jags | focus/fixation on one food item |
What types of food to toddlers prefer? | sweet and slightly salty |
Special events (toddler) | special associated w/ fatty food |
Context (toddler) | bad if meals are argumentative or hurried |
What 2 things not to do w/ toddlers? | restricting/bribing with food |
What considered for toddler nutrition? | gender, height, weight, physical activity |
What 5 nutrients aren't met in toddlers? | Fe, Ca, D, Zn, N3 |
Fiber infants | too much is bad, but only getting ½ recommended |
Lead poisoning infants | brain/blood/kidneys (IQ , behavior) |
Physical activity pre-school | getting basic motor skills, “active play” |
Active play pre-school | enjoyment (intrinstically), often appears purposeless |
Active play curve | upside down U/peaks in early childhood |
Causes of toddler obesity (4) | marketing/convenience of foods, inactivity, parental obesity, screen time |
Treatment of toddler obesity | maintain weight, set expectations |
Sleep and obesity preschool | <9.5 hours; maybe low leptin or high ghrelin |
Celiac disease preschool/highest populations | usually symptoms develop by 2 years (highest middle eastern or Irish) |
Possible causes of ADHD | genetics, harmful exposures (alcohol, tobacco, lead) |
Feeding habits ADHD | rigid/self-restricted; drink calories; more likely to have deficiencies |
Autism food habits | rigid food choices; gluten or casein free may work |
Pulmonary problems preschool | hunger and fullness cues harder to interpret b/c of fatigue |
Why nutrition is important preadolescent | sports, academic, health problems |
5 pillars of Let’s Move! | healthy start, empowering parents, healthy foods in schools, access to healthy foods, physical activity |
CDC BMI growth charts | <5 underweight; 85-95 overweight; >95 obese |
When does BMI increase in childhood? | around age 6 |
Restrictive intake childhood | more influence over hunger and satiety; influenced by parental restrictive intake |
Excess nutrients childhood | fat, sat fat, sugar, salt |
Low nutrient childhood | omega 3* |
Fiber childhood | half recommended amount |
Dental caries childhood | 50% have decay (soda) |
Obesity children trend/paradox | increasing w/out increase in energy intake |
Obesity different countries | more obese in developing than developed |
Obesity and school | significant amount of time, 35% of food, 50% of energy |
School lunch | cash and commodity foods provided, direct link b/w food policy and what kids eat at school |
Consequence of childhood obesity | physically developed sooner (others) |
Target areas for childhood obesity (4) | breakfast, child involvement, positive environment, communication |
Treatment of childhood obesity | weight maintenance and height increases; behavior change/not numbers |
Optimal defaults | make environment safer, people are healthier as a consequence |
Unit bias | people tend to consume the portion they’re given |
Proposed legislation Kelly Brownell | 1 penny per ounce of soda |
Food intolerance | non-immune mediated reaction to food (may take days) |
Food allergies | response of immune system to certain foods (symptoms appear rapidly) |
Sensitization (allergies) | GI tract, consequence of prior exposure |
Allergy prevalence | increasing (small %) |
What allergies resolve by school age? | milk, eggs, soy |
What allergies are “permanent”? | peanut, tree nut, seafood |
Vitamin D and allergies | if vitamin D deficient, more likely to have allergic sensitization to allergens |
Cow’s milk allergy | accidental exposure very likely, negative quality of life |
SOTI cows milk | may lessen allergy through incremental administration of cow’s milk |
Egg allergy | egg white proteins, heavily glycolsylated, cooking may reduce allergenic activity |
Egg allergy childhood | vaccines, limitations |
Peanut allergy | prevalence are increasing, anaphylactic reactions |
Prevalence of peanut allergy | hygiene hypothesis, timing of introduction, additives (cause unknown) |
Obesity and allergies | may increase prevalence (systemic inflammation) |
Parental allergy | sex dependent association |
US food labeling (allergies) | must state if has allergen or derived protein |
Anxiety and food allergies | anxiety about possible exposure; discomfort associated w/ eating |
factors influencing needs of childhood chronic conditions (2) | energy output, protein needs |
other nutrients chronic conditions | begin with DRI; varies widely (medications may increase turnover rate of nutrients) |
growth assessment chronic conditions | special charts (e.g. Down's Syndrome); age and secondary conditions affect growth |
meeting nutritional needs of chronic conditions | 1st choice: food and beverage orally |
eating and feeding problems chronic conditions | most children with developmental delays have feeding difficulties |
TIDM | 10-14 years onset; peak incidence is becoming earlier |
why increase in type 1 diabetes? | increased exposure to triggers of autoimmunity |
hygiene hypothesis | decreased exposure to infections agents (type 1 diabetes) |
hygiene hypothesis most common populations | low population density, first born, fewer siblings **higher in more educated/richer people |
which vitamin is correlated with type 1 diabetes and allergies? | vitamin D (mediates immune effects) |
risk factors for T2DM in youth | small for gestational age or large for gestational age |
cystic fibrosis | thick mucus clogs lungs and lack pancreatic enzymes (higher energy needs) |
cystic fibrosis nutritional interventions | pancreatic enzyme supplements |
cerebral palsy nutrition related secondary effects (2) | GERD, constipation |
cerebral palsy feeding problems | spilling, longer mealtimes |
cerebral palsy problem nutrients | bone density (no weight bearing movement)-> calcium and vitamin D |
caloric needs cerebral palsy | depends if involuntary/voluntary muscle movement occurs |
ADHD nutrition interventions (3) | antioxidants, omega 3s, avoid additives |
cause of autism | genetic, environmental, or both? |
autism GI disturbances | most have GI symptoms; could be malabsorption or leaky gut syndrome |
autism has increased incidence of what? (2) | overweight/obesity and allergies/intolerances |
Opioid excess theory | (Austism); intolerance to casein/gluten because peptides bind to opioid receptors |
What diet may help with autism? | gluten, casein, and lactose free |
changes of puberty (4) | sexual maturation, ht/wt, skeletal mass, *body composition |
patterns of growth puberty | large variation (biological vs chronological age) |
changes of skeletal mass adolescence | 1/2 of peak is accrued during adolescence |
nutritional factors contributing to accretion of bone mass during puberty | caffeine, alcohol, Ca/D/minerals/protein |
eating habits adolescence | snacks up to 1/3 intake, skipping meals more common (BF most commonly skipped); TV during meals |
role of parents in adolescent eating | provide nutritious foods, model healthy choices, eat breakfast w/ kid (or at all) |
frequency of family meals | inversely associated w/ disordered eating, BMI, substance use, depression |
SSBs adolescence | 84%, 30 oz per day |
zinc adolescence | need/retention increases during growth spurts (sexual maturation) |
calcium adolescence | need and absorption higher during adolescence (more than any other time except infancy) |
adolescence vit D | parathyroid hormone becomes elevated if deficient; demineralization of bones ensues |
bones and soda | high phosphate impairs vit D activation |
physical activity adolescence | lifelong activity patters develop; 60 minutes per day |
what puts individuals at risk for disordered eating? (3) | perfectionism, genetics, early age of menarche |
normal eating | flexible, varies w/ hunger, feelings, schedule, proximity to food |
dieting behaviors | dieting and weight loss efforts predict more weight gain in adolescents |
dieting consequences (4) | weight gain, less nutritious foods, binge-eating, development of eating disorders |
family weight talk and dieting | (teasing/dieting) never produced better outcomes in girls (study) |
anorexia commonly causes | amenorrhea |
bulimia | weight is not a predictor (maintenance or fluctuations) |
binge-eating disorder | not followed by compensatory behavior |
online media body image | pro-ana, fashion, home decor; exp group= negative affect, thinking about weight afterwards |
body dissatisfaction increased risk of | decreased activity (clothes, scared of trying, etc) |
exercise, depression, and adolescence | synthesis and metabolism of serotonin; positive effect is especially strong during adolescence |
disordered eating and bone mineral density | cortisol will inhibit osteoblast replication (decrease BMD) |
behavioral objectives for healthy wt mgmt in adolescents (3) | breakfast, mindful eating, "normal eating" |
preventing obesity and eating disorders (4) | eat healthy, activity, positive self-talk, assume overweight teens have experiences weight mistreatment and address it with them and their families |
TED talk eating disorders | controversial model |
emotional/symbolic dimensions of food | research tends to ignore this and focus on rational barriers ("fitting in") |
best predictor of adult obesity | adolescent obesity |
general guidelines for weight mgmt therapy (2) | learner-center, accomplishments/positives |
sports nutrition | protein; vulnerable to special diets |
hydration/adolescent sports nutrition | vulnerable to heat illness |
ergogenic supplements side effects | many, renal function |
Created by:
melaniebeale
Popular Medical sets