AH- CH 40 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
right ventricle pumps blood through the ___ | pulmonary circulation |
left ventricle pumps blood through the ____ | systemic circulation |
during ventricle diastole the ___ and ___ valves open and blood flows from the highes pressure atria to the relaxed ventrilces | mitral and tricuspid valves |
mitral and tricuspid valves opening is the __ | S1 |
during the systolic phase the ___ and ___ valves open and blood flows from the ventricles to the aorta and pulmonary artey | aortic and pulmonary valves |
aortic and pulmonary valves opening is the ___ | S2 |
deoxygenated blood goes to ___ | right side of heart |
oxygenated blood from the lungs goes to the __ | left side of the heart |
CAD and cardiomyopathy (enlarged heart)result in ____ pumping and ____ in stroke volume of blood ejected from ventricles | <, < |
which valves open during ventricular diastole? | mitral and tricuspid (S1) |
which valves open during systolic phase? | semilunar valves: aortic and pulmonic (S2) |
what is the normal cardiac output? | 4 to 6 L/min |
stoke volume x heart rate = | cardiac output |
gases move in and out of the lungs through ____ | pressure changes |
intrapleural pressure is __ | negative |
relaxation of the diaphragm and contraction of the internal intercostal muscles ___ | allow air to escape from the lungs |
the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs | ventilation |
if the effort required to expand and contract the lungs | Work Of Breathing WOB |
is an active process stimulates by chemical receptors in the aorta | inspiration |
is a passive process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs requiring little or no muscle work | expiration |
is a chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing | surfactant |
in COPD pt the lungs do not __ | recoil properly |
is the ability of the lungs to distend in response to increased intraalveolar pressure | compliance |
is the pressure difference between the mouth and the alveoli in relation to the rate of flow of inspired gas | airway resistance |
what are the 3 things the pulmonary circulation does? | gas exchange, reservior for blood, and is a filter |
the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentraion to an area of lower concentraion | diffusion |
what does O2 transport depend on? | amount of O2 entering lungs, blood flow, rate of diffusion, O2 carrying capacity |
the carrier of O2 and CO2 | hemoglobin |
is fluid loss that reduces circulating blood volume | hypovolemia |
wound healing,pregnancy, and exercies increase ___ | metobolic rate |
happens with high altitudes and drug overdoses | decreased inspired O2 concentrations |
what are 7 things that affect chest wall movement? | pregnany, obesity, musculoskeletal abn, trauma, neuromuscluar disease, CNS alterations, influences of chronic disease |
trauma at spinal cord __- __ usually results in paralysis of the phrenic nerve | C3-C5 |
s/s of left sided heart failure are: | fatigue, breathlessness, dizziness, confusion, crackles on ausculation, hypoxia, SOB, cough, nocturnal dyspnea |
s/s of right sides heart failure are: | pt gain weight, distended neck veins, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly, dependent peripheral edema |
is a transient imbalance between myocardial O2 supply and demand | angina |
s/s of angina pectoris | CP that is aching, sharp, tingling, or burning---pressure---radiates to arms, jaw, neck, and back |
results from sudden < in coronary blood flow or an increase in myocardial O2 demand withoug adequate coronary perfusion | MI myocardial infarction |
CP in men during a MI is: | crushing, squeezing, or stabbing felt in back, left arm, neck, jaws, teeth, epigastric area |
CP in women during a MI is: | fatigue, weakness, indigestion, vasospasm, SOB, back, jaw pain |
normal PaCO2 is | 35-45mmHg |
normal PaO2 is | 95-100mmHg |
is a state of ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate the CO2 produced by cellular metabolism | hyperventilation |
occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the body;s O2 demand or to eliminate sufficient CO2 | hypoventilation |
atelectasis is an example of ___ | hypoventilation |
is an inadequate tissue oxygentation at the cellular level | hypoxia |
blue discoloration of the skin and mucus membranes caused by the presence of desaturated hemoglobin in capillaries is a late sign of hypoixa | cyanosis |
____ are at risk for upper resp tract infections | infants and toddlers |
____ are at risk for exposure to cigarette smoking and 2nd hand smoke | school aged children and adolescents |
____ are exposed to unhealty diets, lack of exercise, stress, over the counter drugs, illegal substances, and smoking | young and middle adults |
irritability in older adults may be a sign of___ | resp distress |
cardioprotective nutrition includes diets: | rich in fiber, whole grains, fresh friuts, veggies, nuts, antioxidants, lean meats, fish, chicken, and omega 3 fatty acids |
citrus juice and potatos are cardiovascular protective in ___ but not ___ | women but not men |
diets high in ___ prevent HTN | K+ |
risk of lung cancer is ___x greater for a smoker | 10 |
___ - ____ ml of fluid/day for resp | 1500-2000 |
multiple pillows when lying down to help breath | orthopnea |
intermitted suctioning for 10-15 seconds and allow one full min between suctions | nasotracheal suctioning |
best breathing position __ | 45 degree semi-fowler's position |
is a collection of air in the pleural space | pneumothorax |
is an accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity betwee the parietal and visceral pleurae, usually as a result of trauma | hemothorax |
if you need over 6L of O2 use __ | face mask |
the pt takes a slow deep breath ans holds it for 2 sec while contracting expiratory muscles | cascade cough |
stimulates a natural cough reflex and is generally only for clearing central airways | huff cough |
technique for pt without abd muscle control...while the pt breaths out with max effort the pt pushes inward and upward on the abd muscles toward the diaphragm causing a cough | quad cough |
involves deep inspiration and prolonged expiration through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse | purse lip breathing |
is more difficult and requires the pt to relax intercoastal and accessory resp muscles while taking deep inspirations | diaphragmatic breathing |
Created by:
TayBay15
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