ANP1050 CH25 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Name the 5 stages of digestion. | 1. Ingestion 2. Digestion 3. Absorption 4. Compaction 5. Defecation |
Define: Ingestion | Selective intake of food |
Define: Digestion | mechanical & chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by the body |
Define: Absorption | uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract & then into the blood & lymph |
Define: Compaction | absorbing water & consolidation the indigestible residue into feces |
Define: Defecation | elimination of feces |
What is peristalsis? | propelling of contents through the digestive tract by smooth muscle |
What organs make up the alimentary canal? | - Mouth - Pharynx - Esophagus - Stomach - Small Intestine - Large Intestine (Colon) - Anal Canal |
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system? | - Salivary glands - Teeth - Tongue - Liver - Gallbladder - Pancreas |
What is the function of the salivary glands? | Secretes saliva, which contains enzymes that initiate breakdown of carbohydrates. |
What is the function of the liver? | Produces bile which emulsifies fat. |
What is the function of the gallbladder? | Stores bile and introduces it into the small intestine. |
What is the function of the pancreas? | Produces & secretes pancreatic juices which contain digestive enzymes & bicarbonate ions into the small intestines. |
What is the function of the mouth? | Response for the mechanical breakdown of food; begins with chemical digestion of carbohydrates. |
What is the function of the pharynx? | Connects the mouth to the esophagus. |
What is the function of the esophagus? | Peristalsis pushes food to the stomach. |
What is the function of the stomach? | Secretes acid & enzymes that mix with food to begin digestion. |
What is the function of the small intestine? | Mixes food w/ bile & pancreatic juices. Location of final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules. Main site of nutrient absorption. |
What is the function of the large intestine? | Absorbs water & electrolytes to form feces. |
What is the function of the rectum? | Regulates the elimination of feces. |
Name the tissue layers from inner to outer surface & their function. | - Mucosa (ridges for absorbing food) - Submucosa (blood vessels, lymphatic vessels) - Muscularis externa (2 muscles layers to propel food) - Serosa (fibrous, connective tissue) |
Define: Mesentery | Membrane which holds the organ in place withing the cavity, blood vessels & nerves run through it. |
What is the difference between the lesser and greater omentum? | Lesser = anterior serous membrane that attaches the stomach and liver. Greater = anterior serous membrane that hangs in front of the intestines and covers the small intestine like an apron |
What is the peritoneum? | Membrane that covers the abdominal wall (parietal) & organs (visceral). |
How many of each type of tooth is there & what is the function of each: Incisors Cuspids Molars | 8 Incisors - Bite off large pieces 4 Cuspids - Grasp & tear 8 Molars - Grind |
What is the 2 main areas of the tooth? | Root & crown |
What attaches the tooth to the periodontal ligament? | Cementum |
What is the function of the periodontal ligament? | Anchors tooth in jaw |
What is the function of saliva? | Moistens & cleanses the mouth, inhibits bacteria growth, dissolves molecules so they can stimulate the taste buds, digests starch & fat, and makes swallowing easier by binding the food particles into a soft mass (bolus) & lubricate it with mucus. |
What type of solution is saliva and what solutes are found in it? | Hypotonic (pH 6.8-7.0) & contains mucus, electrolytes, lysozymes (enzyme that kills bacteria), immunoglobulin A (IgA) (an antibacterial antibody), salivary amylase (enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth), lingual lipase (enzyme that begins fat) |
What does the parotid salivary glands secrete? | Clear, watery serous fluid that is rich in amylase. |
What does the sublingual salivary glands secrete? | Primarily viscous mucus |
What does the submandibular salivary glands secrete? | Primarily serous fluid w/ some mucus. |
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