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MCAT

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Are meso compounds chiral or achiral   Achiral  
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Where does post-transcriptional mRNA processing occur   The nucleus  
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What is the spermatogonium called after DNA replication   The primary spermatocyte  
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How many chromatids and chromosomes does the primary spermatocyte have   THe primary spermatocyte contains 92 chromatids but only 46 chromosomes  
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In a reaction at equilibrium, do the forward and reverse rate constants have to be equal   No  
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What is a virion   The inert form of a virus that exists outside of the host cell  
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What is a prophage   A virus incorporated into the host cell's DNA  
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Yeast are 1)prok. or euk. 2)unicellular or multicellular and 3) facultative anaerobes or obligate anaerobes   Euk, unicellular, facultative anaerobes  
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What is the difference between constitutional and structural isomers   They are the same  
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Do diastereomers have different physical properties   Yes  
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Which is the kinetically favored product   The product with the lower Ea  
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In NMR, which exhibits a peak further downfield: an aldehyde or ketone   Aldehyde  
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If you add LAH to a beta-hydroxy CA, what happens   It becomes a 1,3-diol since LAH doesn't reduce OH to carbon  
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Which is more reactive, an amide or an ester, and why   An ester because the alkoxide ion is better leaving group that the NH2-  
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Sweating is an autonomic response. Which division controls this   Both  
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Are proteins synthesized on the rER, sEr, or both   rER  
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How does ACh act on the heart   Ach binds to muscarinic receptors, allowing K+ efflux and hyperpolarizing the cells, decreasing HR  
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What effect does progesterone have on the uterus   Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and prevents the loss of the uterine wall  
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What type of oocyte does the primary follcle contain, and is it haploid or diploid   The primary oocyte, and it is diploid  
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At birth until puberty, what phase are the primary oocytes arrested in   Prophase I  
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Where do women produce some testosterone from   The adrenal cortex  
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When does vapor pressure deviate negatively from Raoult's law   When enthaply change is negative (think that stronger bonds are formed)  
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What is the hematocrit level   The % by volume of RBCs in blood  
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How are speed of sound and density of medium related   Inversely proportional  
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What does humoral (B-cell) immunity act against   Exogenous antigens  
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Where are proteins for secretion produced   rER  
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Each concentric layer of bone formed by osteoblasts in an osteon is called a   Lamella  
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What does parathyroid hormone do   Increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts  
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What is the exception to the law of independent assortment   Genes on the same chromosome  
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An increase in s character has what effect on electronegativity and orbital energy   Increases electronegativity and lowers the energy of the orbital  
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The cell potential in a galvanic cell   equals the difference in cell potential between the cathode and the anode when written as reductions  
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What is the equation that relates free energy change and the equilibrium constant (K)   ^G=-RTlnK  
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What does Benedict's test do   It turns from blue to red in the presence of a reducing sugar (acetal or hemiacetal)  
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In electrophoresis, what are the charges on the cathode and anode   The cathode is negative and the anode is positive  
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In a simple AA, how can you calculate the isoelectric point from the two pKas   Average them  
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In an acidic AA, how can you calculate the isoelectric point   Average the pKa of the COOH and of the R group  
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How do RBS derive their energy   Through glycolysis  
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What is derived from the ectoderm   The nervous system, eye lens, inner ear, epidermis, adrenal medulla  
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What is derived from the mesoderm   Muscle, kidneys, heart, ducts of the reproductive tract  
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What is derived from the endoderm   Epithelial and respiratory lining, lungs, stomach  
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What is induction   A group of cells causes differentiation of another group of cells  
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What does the spleen contain   B and T lymphocytes, venus sinuses, and RBCs (it removes beat up RBCs from the circulation with its small vessles)  
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What does the foramen ovale connect   The right to the left atrium  
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What does the ductus arterious connect   The pulmonary artery to the aorta  
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What part of the circulatory system contains the most vascular smooth muscle   The arteries  
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What does the ductus venosus connect   The umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver  
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When does estrogen peak   Just prior to ovulation, which stimulates LH and FSH secretion.  
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After ovulation and during pregnancy, what effect does increased estrogen and progesterone have on LH and FSH   They inhibit LH and FSH at this point  
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What happens in the presence of SRY   The testes produce testosterone, which promotes development of the Wolffian duct into the male reproductive tract  
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Besides SRY, what signals male over female development   MIS, which inhibits Mullerian duct growth into the female reproductive tract  
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What does menstruation occur in response to   A sudden drop in progesterone and estrogen  
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What is nondisjunction   Failure of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II to separate  
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What equation relates free energy and the electric potential of a cell   ^g=-nFE, so increasing the number of moles of electrons or the voltage decreases delta G, increasing spontaneity  
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Relate spermatogonia, spermatocytes 1' and 2', and spermatids   Spermatogonia (diploid) undergo mitosis to form spermatocytes(1', diploid), which undergo meiosis I to form 2' spermatocytes(haploid), which undergo meiosis II to form haploid spermatids, which mature into haploid sperm  
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Relate oocyte 1' and 2', polar body, and ovum   A 1' oocyte (diploid) undergoes meiosis I to form two haploid cells: a 2' oocyte and a polar body. The 2' oocyte undergoes meiosis II to form 2 more haploid cells: an ovum and a second polar body  
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What are the tyrosine-derivative catecholamines and what are they released by   NE and E, released by the chromaffin skins of the adrenal medulla  
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What's the stronger acid: alcohol or phenol   Phenol, but it is still a weak acid  
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What does the pancreas secrete as an endocrine gland   insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, which inhibits release of both insulin and glucagon  
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What is a decomposition reaction   A single reactant is broken down into several components  
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Is a neutron affected by electric field, magnetic field, both, or neither   Neither  
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How does the K(m) change in competitive and noncompetitive inhibition   Increases; remains constant  
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What is allopatric speciation   It is speciation due to geographical separation  
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What does NABH4 reduce   Carbonyls to alcohols, but not CAs or esters  
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What does the pancreas release as an exocrine gland   Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, amylase, and lipase  
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What activates typsinogen, and what is secreted by   Enterokinase, and it is secreted by the small intestine  
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What are epimers   Sugars that differ in configuration about a single stereocenters (anomers are a special type of epimer)  
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How do you calculate the ^H(sublimation)   ^H(melting) + ^H(vaporization)  
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What is a transition mutation   A for G, G for A, C for T, T for C (purine for purine, pyrimdine for pyrimidine)  
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What is a transversion mutation   A purine is substituted for a pyrimidine, or vice versa  
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What is a nonsense mutation   A short protein is produced because of a premature stop codon  
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What is a missense mutation   An incorrect AA sequence leads to a protein with inhibited function  
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How many chromosomes are there in meiosis I   46, each with two copies of the DNA  
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What IR band do alkynes produce   2200 cm^-1  
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What IR band do amines produce   A sharp band between 3100 and 3500 cm^-1  
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What are fungal spores (when are they formed, haploid or diploid, activity)   They are formed in harsh conditions, haploid, and metabolically inactive  
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What are G0, G1, S, and G2 phases   G0 is a nondividing phase, G1 is an intense growth phase with a checkpoint at the end, S phase is the point at which Dna replication occurs, and G2 is a growth phase in which the cell continues to grow until mitosis commences  
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How many molecules are there in a mole   6X10^23  
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What IR band to alkenes produce   1600 cm^-1  
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Is air resistance dependent on the mass of an object   No  
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What is the gravitational force anywhere inside a uniformly dense sphere/ring due to that sphere/ring   0  
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What type of friction does a ball rolling down a hill experience   Static friction  
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Electrons flow from _ to _ potential, and current flows from _ to _ potential   low, high; high, low  
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In the follicular phase, what does GnRH do   It increases LH and FSH, which causes follicle maturation and increases estrogen, which further increases LH  
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In the luteal phase, what do LH and FSH do   LH and FSH cause formation of the c.l. from the ruptured follicle  
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What does the c.l. produce   Estrogen and progesterone, which promotes building of the endometrial lining. The estrogen and progesterone spike also decreases GnRH, which decreases LH and FSH, which cause c.l. destruction unless fertilized  
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What happens to GnRH when the c.l. is destroyed   GnRH increases so the cycle can start again  
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What is the average kinetic energy of a gas particle   3/2KT  
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Where does gas exchange occur between the maternal and fetal blood   At the chorionic villi from the placenta  
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What is an imine   A carbon double bound to a nitrogen C=N  
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What is an enamine   A carbon carbon double bond with an adjacent nitrogen C=C-N  
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What is an imide   O=C-N-C=O  
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The fraction of the volume of an object that is submerged is given by   The specific density  
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When is ester hydrolysis reversible: Acidic, basic, both, or neither   Acidic conditions only  
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Where are lymphocytes produces and B-cells trained to produce antibodies   Bone marrow  
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Where do killer T cells mature   The thymus  
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What is the rate expression   k[reactants]^x, doesn't include products  
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In an electrolytic cell, the anode is _ and the cathode is _   positive, negative  
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When the c.l. atrophies, what decreases   estrogen and progesterone  
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The lower the pKb, the _ the base   stronger, so the Kb will be larger. The same applies to pKa and Ka  
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If heat is supplied to a constant volume gas, what work does the gas do   None, since the volume doesn't change. This includes not doing negative work from taking in the heat  
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What is a disproportionation reaction   A redox reaction in which atoms of an element are both oxidized and reduced  
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If a car turns while skidding, what type of friction provides the centripetal force   Static friction  
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Is the angle of diffraction dependent on the wavelength of light   No  
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What does the magnetic quantum number determine   The shape of the e- cloud/ orbital behavior  
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What are the four main colligative properties   vapor pressure, melting point, boiling point, and osmotic pressure  
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What enzyme do prokaryotes use to supercoil their DNA   DNA gyrase  
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What has happened and what will happen during spermatogenesis   Spermatids have already undergone their meiosis, but are not yet fully matured  
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Ova are frozen in what stage until after fertilization   Meiosis II  
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When does recombination occur in both oogenesis and spermatogenesis   Prophase I  
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Are triglycerides components of the plasma membrane   No  
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What does AlBr3 do to Br2, and what reaction does this activate it for   AlBr3 increases the electrophilicy (makes it more positive) of Br2, polarizing it for electrophilic aromatic substitution  
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What is the only way to change a reaction's equilibrium constant   Change the temperature. Changes in []s don't change the Keq  
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What is fibrinogen and what is it produced by   A clotting factor precursor produced by the liver  
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What induces ovulation   An LH surge  
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What happens in mitotic prophase   Spindle fibers are formed, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and chromosomes condense (No recombination, that is only in meiotic prophase)  
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Diluting a buffer with waterdoes what to pH   Nothing  
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Nucleophilicy of the halogen ions in a polar protic solvent increases going _ the group   Down, since large ions are less tightly solvated  
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When do all of the mitotic divisions of the oogonia that lead to primary oocyte formation occur   Between fertilization and birth  
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A diploid nondividing cell will be in which phase   G0 or G1  
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Do bacteria contain an electron transport chain   Yes, on the plasma membrane that makes ATP via ATP synthase  
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When does the ovum complete meiosis II, forming and releasing a second polar body   Following sperm fertilization. Then the zygote divides. Implantation occurs a few days later, and gastrulation occurs after that  
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Resistance of a wire _ with increased temperature and with increased cross-sectional area   Increases, decreases  
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Where is trypsin secreted   From the pancreas into the duodenum  
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Microtubules originate and radiate from _   The centrosome  
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What can be said of HF's acidicity, bond energy, and bond length   Weak acid, high bond energy, short bond length  
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Does RNA polymerase require a primer? Does it have exonuclease activity? What direction does it travel   It travels 3' to 5' on the DNA strand, doesn't require a primer, and lacks exonuclease activity  
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Euks have _ DNA polymerases and _ RNA polymerases   1, 3  
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Proks have _ DNA polymerases and _ RNA polymerases   3, 1  
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Do proks have the 5' cap on their mRNA   No, they instead have the SHine-Dalgarno sequence. They also lack a poly A tail  
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Reducing _ or _ at constant volume decreases the rate of effusion   P or T  
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Which bacteria have no external membrane or capsule, but a very thick cell wall   Gram +  
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What is transformation   The ability of bacteria to take up naked DNA from culture  
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What is transduction   The transfer of bacterial genes between cells via a virus  
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What is conjugation   Sexual reproduction via a plasmid F factor forming a sex pilus  
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Ioniziation energy increases which ways on the table   With electronegativity, up and to the right  
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How can you form an anhydride from a carboxylate anion   Acidify then heat  
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What is the coleom, and where does it form in vertebrates   The body cavity, and it forms as pouches in the mesoderm  
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Light microscropes can see up to   200 nm, so they can see proks and euks but not viruses  
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Does sound travel faster in air or water   Water  
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What is the equation for the potential energy of a capacitor   1/2CV^2  
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What is the standard notation for an electrochemical cell   Anode|Anode ion||Cathode ion|Cathode  
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Does light travel faster in air or in glass? What about sound   Air; glass  
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What does Ph3P=R do   In the Wittig reaction, it converts a C=O to a C=R  
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What ' of ROH reacts most rapidly with HCl   3'  
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What organelle produces protein antibodies to be shipped out of the cell   rER  
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When in the centromere split in mitosis? In meiosis?   In mitosis, during anaphase to pull the two sister chromatids apart. In meiosis, anaphase II to separate the sister chromatids after the homologous chromosomes were pulled apart in meiosis I  
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Are shorter or longer wavelengths more affected by dispersion?   Shorter  
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Are rapid processes adiabatic   Yes  
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What is diffracted more, red or blue light   Red since longer wavelengths are more greatly diffracted  
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What bends more at an interface, red or violet light   Violet light, since longer wavelengths travel faster through the interface so they have less time to be bent.  
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What happens when an object is placed at the focal point of a lens?   The image distance is infinite  
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