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Acid-Base Balance Saunders NCLEX-RN #4

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Primary Buffers   extracellular fluid Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system  
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Hemoglobin system - buffers Chloride shift   for each chloride ion that leaves a RBC, a bicarbonate ion enters...vise versa  
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Plasma protein system - buffers   with liver to ary the amount of H+ ions in plasma proteins  
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Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system - buffers   pH of 7.4 20:1 bicarb to carbonic acid. Controlled by excreation of CO2 by lungs. Kidneys regulate bicarb concentration  
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Phosphate buffer system - buffers   present in cells, body fluids, and esp kidneys. acts like bicarb and neutralizes excess hydrogen ions.  
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Lungs in buffering Acidosis   increase in rate and depth - exhale acids  
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Lungs in buffering Alkalosis   decrease in rate and depth - retain CO2 - carbonic aci increases to neutralize and decrease bicarb strength and excess  
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Duration of lung buffering   10-30 seconds  
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Kidney buffering   Best function of balancing disturbances. Slow - hrs to days.  
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Potassium buffering   H+ into cell = K+ out of cell & vise versa. Acidosis - H+ in. Alkalosis - H+ out  
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What    
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