Acid-Base Balance Saunders NCLEX-RN #4
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Primary Buffers | extracellular fluid
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
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Hemoglobin system - buffers Chloride shift | for each chloride ion that leaves a RBC, a bicarbonate ion enters...vise versa
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Plasma protein system - buffers | with liver to ary the amount of H+ ions in plasma proteins
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Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system - buffers | pH of 7.4 20:1 bicarb to carbonic acid. Controlled by excreation of CO2 by lungs. Kidneys regulate bicarb concentration
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Phosphate buffer system - buffers | present in cells, body fluids, and esp kidneys. acts like bicarb and neutralizes excess hydrogen ions.
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Lungs in buffering Acidosis | increase in rate and depth - exhale acids
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Lungs in buffering Alkalosis | decrease in rate and depth - retain CO2 - carbonic aci increases to neutralize and decrease bicarb strength and excess
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Duration of lung buffering | 10-30 seconds
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Kidney buffering | Best function of balancing disturbances. Slow - hrs to days.
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Potassium buffering | H+ into cell = K+ out of cell & vise versa. Acidosis - H+ in. Alkalosis - H+ out
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